Physiological process of programmed tissue death (and disintegration) associated with normal development in animals. RT necrosis.

The cellular pathways responsible for cell death and subsequent removal of the remains of the dead cell. Cell death may be induced by intracellular damage or by signals from neighboring cells.

an intrinsic cellular programme that once activated leads to cell death

The self-destruction of a cell, also called "cell suicide."

an important form of cell death in the brain during neurodegeneration induced by ischemia and reperfusion as well as by toxic compounds such as t-butylhydroperoxide and MPTP

an ultimate response of the cell to different stimuli, which is at least in part regulated by the cellular redox status

Cell death in which the affected cell participates by activating a cascade of biochemical reactions that lead to death. (See necrosis.)

A normal series of events in a cell that leads to its death. Also called cell-suicide.

The mechanism by which cells are systematically eliminated from the body.

A method of cellular degeneration and eventual death (of a cell).

Cell suicide. Thought to be primarily a way that the body clears out immune cells that respond to the body's own proteins, apoptosis involves a complete physical destruction of a cell, driven by enzymes. Apoptosis also occurs when one receptor on a CD4 cell is triggered without the normal "co-activation" signal. Abnormal apoptosis may be elevated in persons with HIV.

Regulated process leading to cell death via a series of well-defined morphological changes; also called programmed cell death. ( Figure 23-45)

Programmed cell death. A natural property of many cells in multicellular organisms, whereby cells which pose a threat to the organism self-destruct for the good of all other cells.

A process that carries out programmed cell death during aging or ill health.

a form of programmed cell death that occurs in mammalian cells. Apoptosis is a protective system that leads to the death of damaged cells that are likelyto be neoplastic (cancerous).

Programmed cell death, the body's normal method of disposing of damaged, unwanted, or unneeded cells.

programmed cell death due to an alteration in a critical substance or chemical necessary for cell viability; the lack of male hormones causes apoptosis of androgen dependent PC

Programmed cell death which is an essential process in normal cell cycle.

normal self-induced termination of a cell's life, to become replaced by a new one.

Referred to as "programmed cell death." Coined from the Greek term for the seasonal loss of leaves by deciduous trees. The term is applied scientifically by Drs. Kerr, Wyllie, and Curry in a British Journal of Cancer paper dated 1972, which described the phenomenon "controlled cell deletion." This phenomenon describes the highly conserved process in biological systems which allows multi-cellular organisms to eliminate damaged or unneeded cells through an organized process of cell involution and removal.

(pronounced ahpotosis) Programmed cell death. Most cells in our body have a finite life, then die off and are replaced. Cancer cells do not experience apoptosis so they are immortal. (Gr. apo=from, ptosis = dropping.)

A-pop-Toh-sis] A form of cell death where a programmed sequence of events leads to the elimination of cells without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area.

Process of cell suicide, or programmed cell death.

programmed cell death. If apoptosis is affected, then the cell will not die, causing a malignant/cancerous condition.

Programmed cell death; a mechanism where the destruction of cells is used to regulate the cellular populations.

A form of programmed or controlled cell death. For example, cell death during fetal limb development results in the formation of the fingers and toes from the limb stub. Apoptosis is a process whereby a cascade of signals eventually leads to the breakdown of the cellular DNA and to the consequent cell death.

describes the molecular and morphological changes that characterize controlled cellular self-destruction, often called "programmed cell death".

Another name for programmed cell death. Apoptosis may be signaled by the nuclei or by external stimuli in normally functioning human and animal cells. Apoptosis may be triggered when abnormal cellular conditions (such as viral infection) are detected or when the developmental program of the cell dictates. ( see also)

A natural process of cell suicide, where a cell initiates a series of events that will lead to its own death. Also called programmed cell death. Occurs to rid an organism of damaged cells or cells that are no longer needed. Cancers result when apoptosis does not occur as it should.

cellular suicide, also known as programmed cell death. A possible mechanism used by HIV to suppress the immune system. HIV may cause apoptosis in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected immune system cells.

programmed cell death. Some cells have limited life-spans, at the end of which they are genetically programmed to self-destruct. Apoptosis typically does not occur in malignant cells.

A genetically mediated series of events by means of which cells actively trigger their own destruction.

Programmed cell death, or cell suicide, which is part of the natural life cycle of a cell. Apoptosis can be triggered by age, injury, or unknown factors. When the cell senses that it's not healthy, it goes through a series of changes, finally chopping its DNA and proteins into small packets that are cleaned up by microglia.

Also known as programmed cell death or cell suicide, it is the natural process by which cells die in order to prevent the spread of disease. In diseases such as cancer, this cell death mechanism does not function properly and cancer cells are allowed to proliferate. Apoptosis can be brought about by some drugs used to treat cancer.

Apoptosis signifies a process in which certain signals lead cells to self-destruct. This is one way by which the organism protects itself against cells which have taken the first step in the transformation into cancer cells. Cancer cells, on the other hand, often carry mutations that make them resistant to this form of cell death.

"Programmed cell death". Normal cells automatically die off once they have reproduced about 60 times. This is called apoptosis.

Programmed cell death. A well-regulated process of cell suicide, through the activation of enzymes ("caspases") that break down cell proteins.

(Greek, apo = away from + ptosis = fall) Programmed cell death which occurs in the development of many systems. e.g. between digits, nervous system. Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer. 1972 Aug;26(4):239-57. Review. (More? necrosis | apoptosis )

a process where a cell kills itself. It is a kind of programmed cell death.

Programmed cell death. Apoptosis is controlled by genes that cause a cell to die at a certain time. This type of cell death is different from the process of cell death by decay. Apoptosis can be brought about by some drugs used to treat cancer.

disintegration of cells into membrane-bound particles that are then eliminated by phagocytosis or by shedding.

is a type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell leads to its death

a form of cell death in which cells shrink and disappear. Sometimes referred to as "cell suicide". In Parkinson disease, some scientists believe that the nerve cells in the substantia nigra portion of the brain die by apoptosis.

programmed cell death. Apoptosis is the body's mechanism for eliminating undesirable or excessive immune system activity, e.g., immune cells that attack the body's own tissues. Abnormal apoptosis is often seen in HIV disease.

The process of programmed cell death.

One of the main types of programmed cell death (PCD). As such, it is a process of deliberate suicide by an unwanted cell in a multicellular organism.

ape-o-toe-sis Programmed cell death. 177

Sometimes called cell suicide, this is a process of programmed cell death which is an essential part of normal life.

single deletion of scattered cells by fragmentation into membrane bound particles that are phagocytosed by other cells; believed to be due to programmed cell death. [G. a falling or dropping off, fr. Apo, off + ptosis, a falling

(ap-o-TOE-sis) A normal series of events in a cell that leads to its death.

Programmed cell death, the body's normal method of ending the lifecycle of cells through the cellular self-destruction. When either heritable or somatic cell mutations cause malfunctions to occur in the apoptotic pathway, uncontrolled cell growth may proceed unchecked and cancer may result.

genetically programmed cell death; the natural mechanism used by the body to eliminate cells that are no longer needed.

(Also called 'cell suicide' or 'programmed cell death'). Normal cells automatically kill themselves by apoptosis once they have reproduced about 60 times. This helps prevent cancer, by killing off older cells that have accumulated more damage to their DNA. Cancer cells have usually developed the ability to bypass apoptosis, and can carry on dividing.

(ay´ pu toh sis) • A series of genetically programmed events leading to cell death.

A program of biological functions leading to cell death, also called programmed cell death.

Also known as programmed cell death or cell suicide is a normal physiological phenomenon, which is an active process under genetic control. In this process, as opposed to necrosis, the cell shrinks and the DNA is digested by enzymes. The fragmented cellular particles are then eliminated by phagocytosis.

genetically programmed cell death; the way the body removes unwanted cells, often fails in cancer cells

a form of cell death in which cells shrink and disappear. It is sometimes referred to as "cell suicide" and was first described more than 4- years ago. Some scientists think that in PD, the substantia nigra nerve cells die by apoptosis.

(ay-PAH-TOE-sis) Programmed cell death, a normal process in which cells die in a controlled and predictable way. See necrosis.

A specific form of cell death mediated by enzymatic degradation of DNA and that, in contrast to necrosis, is not associated with signs of inflammation. Also called programmed cell death.

a mechanism that allows cells to self-destruct when stimulated by the appropriate trigger; "programmed cell death"

(ap-o-TOE-sis) A normal series of events in a cell which lead to its death.

Programmed cell death that occurs normally in a developing organism, during aging and in various pathological conditions.

Cell death, in which the cells becomes condensed and then fragment into smaller bodies by an active budding process.These contain pyknotic nuclear remanants. In the skin, these apoptotic bodies are known as Civatte bodies. Apoptotic bodies extruded into the papillary dermis, are known as Colloid bodies, these contain immunoglobulins, particularly IgM.

The normal molecular mechanism which governs the life span of cells so that they die in a very organized way. Cancerous cells are resistant to normal apoptosis.

Genetically programmed cell death (usually occurring after DNA damage) that results in fragmentation of the cell into membrane-bound particles that are phagocytosed by other cells.

the process which, when functioning normally, programs cells to self-destruct at an appropriate moment in an organism's life-cycle. If the apoptotic process malfunctions in a cell, uncontrolled cell growth may result, which can contribute to the development of cancer. Such disruption of apoptosis may be associated with an inherited genetic mutation or a somatic cell genetic mutation.

Programmed cell death. Normal cells are "programmed" by your body to die after a certain amount of time or a certain number of cell divisions. Cancerous cells lose this ability and go on living and dividing indefinitely as long as they get the nutrition they need, creating a huge build up of cells in your body, unless countered by medications.

programmed cell death. Every cell carries the instructions to kill itself should it be necessary. Such situations may occur following damage to the cell's DNA (eg. from UVA or UVB light), due to messages picked up on the cell surface, due to lack of growth factors (needed to keep the cell alive) or infection. The process is very efficient, preventing damage to surrounding cells and recycling as much as possible.

see programmed cell death

"Cellular suicide," also known as programmed cell death. HIV may induce apoptosis in both infected and uninfected immune system cells. Normally when CD4+ T cells mature in the thymus gland, a small proportion of these cells are unable to distinguish self from nonself. Because these cells would otherwise attack the body's own tissues, they receive a biochemical signal from other cells that results in apoptosis. See Tumor Necrosis Factor.

also called programmed cell death. A form of cell death in which a programmed sequence of events leads to the elimination of old, unnecessary, and unhealthy cells.

cell death that occurs naturally as part of normal development, maintenance, and renewal of tissues within an organism.

Orderly cell death characterized by slow dissolving and reuse of cell parts by neighbouring tissue. Some chemotherapy drugs induce apoptosis; others cause cell lysis or bursting.

or programmed cell death is a form of cell death in which a programmed sequence of events leads to the destruction of cells without releasing harmful substances into the surrounding area. Apoptosis plays an important role in health by eliminating aged cells, unnecessary cells, and unhealthy cells. A protein called bcl-2 prevents apoptosis in normal healthy cells. However, many cancer cells, which would normally be destroyed by apoptosis because they proliferate too quickly, produce high levels of bcl-2 in order to evade destruction.

Programmed cell death, a normal process in which cells perish in an orderly, highly controlled manner so as to sculpt and control an organism's development.

A form of cell death involving shrinking of the cell and eventual disposal of the internal elements of the cell by the body's immune system. Apoptosis is an active, non-toxic form of cell suicide that does not induce an inflammatory response. It is often called programmed cell death because it is triggered by a genetic signal, involves specific cell mechanisms, and is irreversible once initiated.

Programmed cell death. If apoptosis is affected, the cell well not die, causing a malignant or cancerous condition.

Ordered, genetically programmed cell death triggered by both physiological stimuli and cellular damage. Apoptosis avoids cell lysis and subsequent inflammation.

The programmed death of a cell. This type of cell death occurs by fragmentation of membranes that are then eliminated.

Gk, apo, separation + ptosis, falling], programmed cell death

Programmed cell death. The process leading to controlled self-destruction of a cell. This is also sometimes referred to as cellular suicide.

Orderly cell death that is programmed by the body.

Cell death through disintegration of cells into membrane-bound particles that are then phagocytosed by other cells. The process may be important in limiting growth of tumours. (Apoptotic)

A series of genetically determined events, which lead to the death of cells. When a cell dies, it releases toxic materials, which can damage healthy cells, initiating a domino effect.

Cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself.

Programmed cell death in which the chromatin becomes condensed and the DNA is degraded. The immune system employs apoptosis for clonal deletion of cortical thymocytes by antigen in immunologic tolerance. Source: Illustrated dictionary of Immunology by Julius M. Cruse and Robert E. Lewis

Programmed cell death. Molecular signals activate weapons of self-destruction in body cells that finished their prescribed functions or became altered, as by infection or cancerous transformation.

Programmed cell death, the controlled suicide of certain cells for the good of the entire organism.

Developmental or "programmed" cell death characterized by membrane blobs, extensive chromatin condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Plays a role in negative selection of developing T cells and the killing of targets by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

process of cell death not associated with phlogosis. Generally, this process is physiological, and involves nitric oxide. The excessive presence of NO, due to the i-NOS activation, is able to excessively induce this process, provoking damage such as the onset of vasculopathy.

a genetically controlled mechanism of cell death that is important in fetal development and may be important in protecting tissue and organs against cancer.

Programmed cell death, the mechanism by which old or damaged cells self-destruct.

a type of cellular suicide triggered by stimulation of particular receptors on a cell's surface. It is a metabolic process driven by cellular enzymes in which the cell's chromosomes and then the cell itself breaks down into fragments. In the immune system, apoptosis is a process that eliminates unneeded cells. Some researchers believe that accidental apoptosis may be the way that CD4 cells become depleted in HIV disease, rather than through direct killing by HIV.

Process of cell death that results from turning on specific, active processes in the cell that lead the cell to kill itself. This happens normally in some tissues, for example, during embryonic development when some groups of cells are removed from the animal. In these apoptotic cells during development, genes are turned on as part of the developmental process that cause the cell to kill itself. In other non-developmental cases of apoptosis, factors from outside the cell can cause the target cell to turn on apoptosis leading to its own death. A way for a lay-person to view apoptosis is as a form of cell suicide.

Programmed cell death as signaled by the nuclei in normally functioning human and animal cells when age or state of cell health and condition dictates. Cancerous cells, however, are unable to experience the normal cell transduction or apoptosis-driven natural cell death process.

A normal cellular process involving a genetically programmed series of events leading to the death of a cell.

Programmed cell death; a specific suicide process in animal cells that includes fragmentation of nuclear DNA. Apoptosis occurs normally in development, as in the resorption of the tadpole tail during metamorphosis into a frog; or it can be induced, for example by DNA damage that exceeds the capacity of repair mechanisms.

Related Topic"... Cancerous cells, however, are unable to experience the normal cell transduction or apoptosis-driven natural cell death process..."

Programmed cell death, which involves nuclear fragmentation and condensation of cytoplasm, plasma membranes and organelles into apoptotic bodies.

Programmed involution or cell death of a developing tissue or organ of the body.

Apoptosis (Greek: apo - from, ptosis - falling; commonly pronounced with a silent second p) is a process of deliberate life relinquishment by a cell in a multicellular organism. It is one of the main types of programmed cell death (PCD), and involves an orchestrated series of biochemical events leading to a characteristic cell morphology and death. The apoptotic process is executed in such a way as to safely dispose of cell corpses and fragments.