The kingdom of Champa (or Chiêm Thà nh in Sino-Vietnamese records) controlled what is now south and central Vietnam from approximately 7th century through 1832. Before Champa, there was a kingdom called Lin-yi (Lam Ap) (established since 192 A.D.) but relationship between Lin-yi and Champa is still not clear. The modern Cham Lords in Panduranga began to establish in the middle 15th century, obtained a position as an autonomy principality of Tran Thuan Thanh (Nagar Cham di Pandurang) belonging to Nguyen Lord of Cochinchina in 1695 and became the most faithful vassal of Emperor Gia Long of Nguyen dynasty, but it was finally dissolved in 1832 by emperor Gia Long's son, emperor Minh Mạng.