Dundee - originally called Alectum, is the fourth-largest city in Scotland, with a population of 143,090. However, if outer districts such as Monifieth and Invergowrie, joined physically but not politically, are counted, the number is around 170,000. If taken by its local sphere of influence (around 750,000) then it ranks third after Glasgow (2,500,000), Edinburgh (1,000,000) and Aberdeen (400,000) slips into fourth place.