(Fiber to the Node) refers to an access network in which fiber is used for part, but not all of the link from the OLT to the end-user. An optical to electrical (O/E) conversion takes place at an active device called a Node. This Node typically serves a neighborhood or geographically similar area, which is larger than the typical service area in an FTTC deployment. The terminal network segment is usually twisted copper pairs or coaxial cable. Most current CATV and Telephony networks have FTTN architectures. FTTP