A haplotype that is defined by binary markers, which is more stable but less detailed than one defined by microsatellites.
Haplogroups are large groups that can be used to define genetic populations and are often geographically orientated. For example, when the Y-chromosome is tested, many males who live along the western coasts of Europe belong to Haplogroup R1b (used to be called HG1), which belies the historical movement of males along that coast. One way to think about haplogroups is that a haplogroup is a branch on the tree of Homo Sapiens and a haplotype represents the leaves of the tree. All the haplotypes that belong to a haplogroup are leaves on the same branch. The Y-chromosome haplogroup of an individual is not defined by their haplotype (because haplotypes are determined by STR markers). Instead, they are determined by SNP's (single nucleotide polymorphisms) where a single base changes e.g. from A to G. These happen so rarely as to be considered unique. However, there is a strong correlation between haplogroups and haplotypes so given any particular haplotype, it may be possible to correctly determine the haplogroup without any further tests.
a classification comprising many different haplotypes thought to be related. Haplogroups are defined in terms of markers that mutate so slowly they are treated as if they have occurred only once in all time. Therefore, the major haplogroups originated thousands or tens of thousands of years ago.
A population descended from a common ancestor, as evidenced by specific SNP mutations. Haplogroups are not cultural groups, although a haplogroup can be strongly represented by a cultural population such as American Indians. The Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) has assigned hierarchical alphanumeric labels, which can be presented graphically in the form of a phylogenetic or haplogroup tree.
a group of haplotypes that share some sequence variations
a set of related haplotypes that share the same group of alleles or DNA polymorphisms
A large group of haplotypes that can be used to define genetic populations and are often geographically oriented.
A group of haplotypes that share common ancestry defined by shared sequence.Haplogroups are the main branches of the human genealogical tree and reflect early human migrations. A haplogroup contains all the direct descendants of a single person (man or woman) who passed on a specific genetic marker or mutation.
A group containing all the direct descendants of a single person (man or woman) who had and passed-on a specific genetic marker or mutation.
Population groups that share common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Haplogroups are useful for defining populations, but have limited application in genealogy research. Since SMGF is mainly concerned with the application of DNA testing in genealogy, we do not display haplogroups along with haplotypes.
A genetic population group associated with early human migrations and which can today be associated with a geographic region. It is important to note that even though female and male haplogroups may have the same letters, their definitions are different.
Haplogroups indicate branches on the tree of early human migrations and genetic evolution. Haplogroups are defined by genetic mutations or "markers" found in Y chromosome and mtDNA testing. These markers link the members of a haplogroup back to the marker's first appearance in the group's most recent common ancestor. Haplogroups often have a geographic relation. For a more thorough introduction to this subject, see Atlas of the Human Journey. A tree of Haplogroups, clades and subclades and their defining SNP's or "markers" is shown on the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2006.
A group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a SNP mutation. Because a haplogroup consists of similar haplotypes, this is what makes it possible to predict a haplogroup. A SNP test confirms a haplogroup. Haplogroups are assigned letters of the alphabet, and refinements consist of additional number and letter combinations, Example: R1b1. Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have different haplogroup designations. Haplogroups pertain to your deep ancestral origins dating back thousands of years.
In the study of molecular evolution, a haplogroup is a large group of haplotypes, which are series of alleles at specific locations on a chromosome.