Instinctual behavior in which social bonds are formed during early development. Typically used with the example of a newly hatched bird or other animal identifying and treating the first moving object it sees as its mother.
Being dropped on your head at an early age
A rapid and extremely narrow form of learning, common in birds and important in species recognition, that occurs during a very short critical period in the early life of an animal; depends on exposure to particular characteristics of the parent or parents.
Process by which genes inherited from male and female parents are differentially expressed.
The differential expression of genes depending on whether they were inherited maternally or paternally.
This is a type of rapid learning commonly found in ground-nesting birds. Chicks fix, or imprint, on the first object they see and hear after hatching - usually their parent. In some cases, imprinting also establishes a species identity, mating preferences, and habitat preferences.
Instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother. (31)
A rapid and irreversible learning process which occurs soon after a bird is hatched. During imprinting a bird learns to recognize its parents and identify with them. If it associates with humans during this period, it will identify with people.
A term in ethology referring to a process similar to rapid learning or behavioral patterning that occurs at critical points in very early stages of animal development. The extent to which imprinting occurs in human development has not been established.
(1) In genetics, the differential modification of a gene depending on whether it is present in a male or a female. (2) In animal behavior, a rapid form of learning in which an animal comes to make a particular response, which is maintained for life, to some object or other organism.
Capacity to learn specific types of information at certain critical periods in development
A process whereby DNA obtains biochemical marks that instruct a cell how and when to express certain genes. Imprinting often results in gene expression from only one copy of a gene - either the maternal or paternal copy.
a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are established
The process by which certain mammalian genes are 'switched off', according to whether they were inherited from the father or mother.
to become the object of the affections and interests of an animal, often in place of its parents.
The phenomenon in which a gene may be expressed differently in an offspring depending on whether it was inherited from the father or the mother.
The process by which maternally and paternally derived chromosomes are uniquely chemically modified leading to different expression of a certain gene or genes on those chromosomes depending on their parental origin Related Terms: trisomy rescue ; uniparental disomy
This is when genes are suppressed or silenced depending on which parent they were received from. When DNA is passed to daughter cells after fertilisation of an egg by a sperm, certain alleles can become active only if they were received from the mother, others only if they came from the father. If a gene is suppressed through imprinting from one parent, and the allele from the other parent is not expressed because of mutation, neither can act and the child will be deficient. A healthy child cannot be produced when both sets of chromosomes come from the same parent. Imprinting of the same areas will occur and all these genes will be suppressed.
The "memory" held by a chromosome as to which parent it was inherited from. A gene can be expressed differently depending on whether it comes from your father or your mother.
The phenomenon where genetic material is expressed differently when inherited from the mother than when inherited from the father.
A type of learning that usually occurs early in life and is performed without obvious reinforcement. 816
Special kind of learning based on critical period, developmental readiness and search image. Largely irreversible. Originally identified imprinting (Lawrence and Tinbergen) was maternal.
the process by which an animal learns characteristics of its family and surroundings
The learning process early in the life of a social animal, such as a crow. This is the time during which a "crow learns how to be a crow". Crows do not imprint on their family members upon hatching as chickens and ducks do. Crows imprint over a time period of several weeks.
The process by which nature leaves a gap in the unfolding of the genetic program in the development of an organism to be filled in by the environment. Researchers have explored this phenomenon by interfering with nature's plans - for example, by substituting a person for a duck as the first large moving object seen by baby ducks (Konrad Lorenz). The acquisition of language could be considered as an imprinting process, in which nature leaves a large gap to be filled in by the particular language community in which the child is developing.
A phenomenon in which the disease phenotype depends on which parent passed on the disease gene. For instance, both Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes are inherited when the same part of chromosome 15 is missing. When the father's complement of 15 is missing, the child has Prader-Willi, but when the mother's complement of 15 is missing, the child has Angelman syndrome. Source : Human Genome Project Information; PhRMA Genomics
A biochemical phenomenon that determines, for certain genes, which one of the pair of alleles, the mother's or the father's, will be active in that individual
a recently described phenomenon in mammals involving particular genes which are not equally expressed, depending on the sex of the parent of origin. AS represents one of the first classical examples of imprinting.
A physiological process by which the smolts learn the odors of their home stream and later remember the smell to relocate that stream when they return to spawn.
Conditioning by outer influences such as parents, education, or society in general.
This is a genetically programmed form of learning in which a newly hatched or new-born learns to identify with its species within a finite time by following or being exposed to stimuli it learns to identify. The sensitive period for imprinting baby mallard ducks to follow a man instead of other ducks is 13 to 16 hours after hatching. This is the time when the female typically leaves the nest and , by following, the ducklings learn they are ducks.
A learned attachment that is formed at a particular period in life (the critical, or sensitive, period) and is difficult to reverse (e.g., the duckling's acquired tendency to follow whatever moving stimulus it encounters twelve to twenty-four hours after hatching).
The learning process involved in developing, during an early sensitive period, the tendency to follow or otherwise approach an object.
Imprinting is a kind of learning that takes place during certain critical periods of an organism's life during which rapid and often irreversible fixation on presented stimuli happens. For instance many birds respond to the first organism they see upon hatching as they would to their mother with often comical results.
The 'memory' held by a chromosome as to whether it was inherited from the mother or the father. The memory is chemically 'stamped' into the DNA and can result in chromosomes or the genes located on the chromosomes behaving differently, depending on the parent of origin.
A phenomenon in which the phenotype of the disease depends on which parent passed on the disease gene. For instance, Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome are both inherited when the same part of chromosome 15 is missing. When the father's complement of 15 is missing, then the child has Prader-Willi, but when the mother's complement of 15 is missing, the child has Angelman syndrome. [Source: NHBLI/NCBI Glossary
Form of learning, difficult to reverse, during a sensitive period in development in which an organism tends to stay near a particular stimulus.
The phenomenon of a gene or region of a chromosome showing different expression depending on the parent of origin.
A type of early learning in which a newborn forms an attachment with some kind of model (normally, a parent).
In most cases, the two inherited copies of any gene are either expressed or silenced equally in the genome. Genomic imprinting is a biological phenomenon observed in some genes in which the two inherited copies of the gene have opposite expression patterns. Each of the two inherited copies of the gene is either expressed or silenced, depending on the parental origin of that copy.