The last period of the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe, spanning roughly 16,000 to 10,000 BP.

An adjective used for describing artifacts of the latest culture of the Upper Paleolithic; the word comes from La Madeleine (Dordogne), a site in southwestern France where such work was found.

The Magdalenian, also spelled Magdalénien, refers to one of the later cultures of the Upper Palaeolithic in western Europe. It is named after the type site of La Madeleine in the Dordogne region of France. Originally termed "L'Age du Renne" (the age of the reindeer) by Lartet and Christy, the Magdalenian is synonymous in many people's minds with reindeer hunters, although Magdalenian sites also contain extensive evidence for the hunting of red deer, horse and other large mammals present in Europe towards the end of the last ice age.