Non-Arab converts to Islam. (p. 291)

Mawali or mawala is a term in Classical Arabic used to address non-Arab Muslims. In the second half of the seventh century, the Mawali were considered the third class in Arabian society with the Sayyids at the top followed by the free tribesmen. The term gained prominence in the centuries following the Arab Muslims conquests in the 7th century AD, when many non-Arabs such as Persians, Egyptians, and Turks entered Islam.