Working metal through rolls, presses, hammers, etc., to change its shape, properties or structures.

Subjecting metal to pressure exerted by rolls, dies, presses, or hammers to change its form or to affect its structure and its mechanical and physical properties.

Changing the former structure of a metal by subjecting it to pressure by rolling, pressing, or forging. The crystalline structure is refined and the quality of the metal is improved as the particles are forced into intimate contact. The strength is always increased by working and the hardness and ducility may be affected depending upon the amount of work done by the temperature at which the working is carried on.