When the material is difficult to grip (as is a ceramic), its strength can be measured in bending. The modulus of rupture (MOR) is the maximum surface stress in a bent beam at the instant of failure. One might expect this to be exactly the same as the strength measured in tension, but it is always larger (by a factor of about 1.3) because the volume subjected to this maximum stress is small, and the probability of a large flaw lying in the highly stressed region is also small. (In tension all flaws see the maximum stress.) The MOR strictly only applies to brittle materials. For ductile materials, the MOR entry in the database is the ultimate strength.
Nominal stress at fracture in a bend test or torsion test. In bending, the modulus of rupture is the bending moment at fracture divided by the section modulus. In torsion, modulus of rupture is the torque at fracture divided by the polar section modulus.
The unit stress at which a piece fails.
Stress at rupture from a bend test.
The pounds per square inch measure of the maximum breaking strength of a board when loaded as a simple beam.
Reflects the maximum load-carrying capacity of a member in bending, and is proportional to maximum moment borne by the specimen. Modulus of rupture is an accepted criterion of strength, although it is not a true stress because the formula by which it is computed is valid only to the elastic limit.
Measure of the ultimate strength determined in a flexure or torsion test. In a flexure test, modulus of rupture in bending is the maximum fiber stress at failure. In a torsion test, modulus of rupture in torsion is the maximum shear stress in the extreme fiber of a circular member at failure. Alternate terms are flexural strength and torsional strength.
Breaking strength in a nonductile solid as measured by bending.
Used in both bending and torsion testing. In bending, the modulus of rupture is the bending moment at fracture divided by the section modulus. In torsion, modulus of rupture is the torque at fracture divided by the polar section modulus.
