Any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.

A chemical substance important in transferring a nerve impulse from one neuron to another; for example, serotonin and norepinephrine.

This is a substance that is released at the end of one nerve cellwhen a nerve impulse arrives there. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap to the next nerve cell andalter the membrane of that cell in such a way that it becomes less or more likely to fire.

Substance such as norepinephrine, acetycholine and dopamine that is released when the nerve end (terminal) of a nerve is excited. The substance then travels across the synapse to act on the target cell to either inhibit or excite it.

A chemical that carries signals across a synapse, from one neuron to another.

(nur-o-TRANS-mit-ter) Substance that transmits nerve impulses between nerve cells

A chemical substance released from neurons in synapses that binds to corresponding receptors on nearby cell surfaces (post synaptic membrane) causing a physiological stimulus in form of a membrane current (triggering action potentials) or second messenger cascade activating channels, pumps, kinases, or proteases. The molecular mechanisms of activation are similar to those of hormones.

A chemical that carries a nerve signal across the synapse (the gap between two nerve cells).

A natural chemical used to carry signals between nerve cells.

A chemical in the brain that transmits messages from one nerve cell to another.

(n) a chemical secreted from the axon of one nerve cell when stimulated in order to transmit or pass a signal to another nerve cell. Examples of neurotransmitters are serotonin and GABA.

One of several chemicals that serve as a vehicle of communication between nerve cells by mediating the transmission of nerve impulses across the synapses between adjacent neurons. See text, Chapter 4. See also, "melatonin," "hormone," "neurotransmitter," "pineal gland" and "serotonin."

A chemical produced by neurons to carry messages to other neurons.

a chemical that acts as messenger between cells in the brain and nervous system; it transmits impulses across the gap from a neuron to another neuron, a muscle, or a gland.

chemical substances that carry signals from one neuron to another. go to glossary index

A chemical that transmits nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another. Major neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, dopamine, beta-endorphin, norepinephrine, and serotinin.

Agent released from nerve terminals in central and peripheral nervous system by an action potential; usually in vesicles. Causes local excitatory or inhibitory actions on the effector, which may be another neurone, a muscle or gland cell.

a messenger chemical in the brain; it is through neurotransmitters that neurons communicate with each other. Examples are GABA, glutamate, acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine.

Chemical compound that acts as a messenger to carry signals or stimuli from one nerve cell to another.

A substance involved in communication between cells in the brain via transmission of nerve impulses across a synapse (the junction between two cells)

a chemical substance, such as dopamine, that transmits nerve impulses or signals across synapses to muscle fibers.

A chemical messenger that allows neurons (nerve cells) to communicate with each other and with other cells.

A chemical that communicates impulses from one nerve to another.

A chemical that changes or results in the sending of nerve signals. Serotonin, norepinephrine, acetycholine, and dopamine are among the many neurotransmitters that send and receive messages in the brain and body.

A chemical in the body which moves between neurons and communicates chemical messages such as pain, pleasure, emotion, and touch sensation. Some common neurotransmitters are serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

A chemical used by the cells of the brain to communicate with each other. Some brain cells (neurons) seem to specialize in a particular neurotransmitter.

A chemical agent released by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) that transmits signals and causes physiological effects (e.g. Serotonin).

A specialized substance (such as norepinephrine or acetylcholine) that transfers nerve impulses across spaces between nerve cells (synapses). Neurotransmitters are naturally produced chemicals by which nerve cells communicate.

A chemical involved in the transmission of nerve impluses across the synapse form one neurone to another. Usually released from small vesicles in the synaptic terminals of the axon in response to the action potential (nerve impluse); diffuses across synapse to influence elctrical actity in another neuron. Examples include dopamine, epinephrine/adrenaline, serotonin.

A chemical messenger (i.e., dopamine, GABA) that conveys a signal from one neuron to another.

A chemical (such as acetylcholine) that is released by a nerve cell at a chemically transmitting synapse.

a chemical release by the presynaptic cell that diffuses across the synaptic cleft, provoking an electrical charge in the postsynaptic cell.

A chemical compound released by one neuron to affect the transmembrane potential of another.

A substance, produced in and released by one neuron, that diffuses across a synapse and excites or inhibits the postsynaptic neuron.

A chemical released by neurons to relay information to other cells.

is a chemical substance released by a presynaptic nerve terminal that diffuses and binds to specific postsynaptic receptors which leads to an alteration in current flow in that postsynaptic cell

a chemical substance that accumulates in the synapse and increases the membrane permeability of the next dendrite.

A chemical that spills across the synoptic gap between neurons, transmitting an electrical impulse.

A chemical emitted from nerve fibers that carries messages that make body systems remember, within a fraction of a second, how to behave.

a chemical substance which is released from nerve endings. Such substances carry impulses across the spaces between nerves.

A chemical produced by nerves that allows information to be transferred from one nerve to the next. Examples: adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, GABA

Compound that is released at a synapse and diffuses across the synaptic cleft to act on a receptor located on the membrane of a postsynaptic cell, which may be another neurone, a muscle cell or a specialized gland cell. It is released from nerve endings by nerve impulse activity at morphologically distinguishable synaptic junctions producing suitable changes in the excitability of the postsynaptic membrane, also see Neuromodulator, Neurohormone

A chemical messenger used by nerve cells to transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another

A chemical that transmits signals between the nerve cells and the brain.

A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across the space between nerve endings called the synapse.

A substance that is released from the axon terminal of one nerve cell (neuron) and travels across a synapse to another neuron

a brain chemical that enables communication to happen between neurons, or brain cells

a brain chemical that is released by a nerve cell to stimulate activity in another cell

a chemical contained in synaptic vesicles in nerve endings that is released into the synaptic cleft, where it causes the production of either excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

a chemical found in the brain that helps to transmit information from one brain cell to another

a chemical in the brain that serves as a messenger between neurons

a chemical messenger released by a brain cell to excite or inhibit adjacent brain cells

a chemical messenger that allows communication between nerves in the brain

a chemical messenger used by neurons (nerve cells) to communicate in one direction with other neurons

a chemical produced by the body that conveys nerve impulses across the gaps (synapses) between nerve cells

a chemical signal allowing neurons (nerve cells) to communicate

a chemical substance, e

a chemical substance produced by a nerve cell and released through the cell wall

a chemical substance that is used by one neuron to signal another

a chemical substance that nerve cells use to communicate with each other, with muscles, and with many glands

a chemical substance that transmits information from one neuron to another

a chemical that allows brain cells to "talk" to each other, and acetylcholine is one

a chemical that allows the movement of information from one nerve cell (neuron) across the gap between the adjacent neuron

a chemical that carries vital signals between cells

a chemical that helps transmit nerve impulses through the nervous system

a chemical that is necessary to send a message down a nerve pathway

a chemical that is released by one neuron and transmitted to another neuron or receptor

a chemical that is selectively released from a nerve terminal, and it interacts with a specific receptor on another structure of the body and produces a specific physiologic response

a chemical that nerves use to

a chemical that passes a "message" from one nerve to another by crossing the small gap between them and binding to the surface of the next nerve, making it go off (very simple version)

a chemical that relays messages between nerve cells

a chemical that serves as a messenger between brain cells

a chemical that transmits a signal between nerve cells

a molecule used for signalling between nerve cells or neurons

a natural compound used by the brain to send messages from one nerve cell to another

a package of chemical information which has an effect on the neuron that receives it in much the same way that a fax or an email is a package of information which has an effect on you when you receive it

a signal substance that transmits the nerve signal through the junctions between two nerve cells

a specific kind of hormone, released by neurons to regulate activity of target tissues (e

a substance such as dopamine or serotonin which will carry information (electrical impulses) across a synapse when stimulated by an electrical impulse

a type of hormone that is active at nerve endings, and amine refers to the type of chemical composition

a type of molecule that carries signals between neurons (nerve cells) across synapses in the nervous system

a type of molecule that carries signalsbetween neurons (nerve cells) at synapses in the nervous system

hemicals that transmit impulses between nerve cells or between nerve cells and effector cells.

a type of chemical, such as acetylcholine, that transmits signals from one neuron to another. People with Alzheimer's disease have reduced supplies of acetylcholine.

any endogenous compound that plays a role in synaptic nervous transmission.

chemical substance in the nervous system that is exchanged by neurons, transmitting information within the brain and from the brain to the rest of the body.

A molecule such as glutamate or acetylcholine that is released from an axon terminal (often by the arrival of an impulse), diffuses across a narrow extracellular space, and binds with a receptor on the surface of the postsynaptic cell. (These three parts are collectively called the synapse). Many dozens of neurotransmitters have been identified over the years, and a given axon terminal may release more than one kind.

a chemical, such as acetylcholine, which is released from the axon of one neuron and binds to a specific site in the dendrite of an adjacent neuron, thus triggering a nerve impulse; [*] these send messages in the brain; [*] an imbalance may cause a mood disorder.

a stimulatory or inhibitory chemical released from nerve cells that acts as a messenger between nerve cells (neurons) or between neurons and other tissues such as muscles or glands

Chemicals found in your brain that send messages from one brain cell to another.

A chemical agent released by a nerve that stimulates or inhibits another nerve.

Chemical messengers in the nervous system that permit nerve cells to communicate; examples include dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Nicotine acts on several neurotransmitters including acetylcholine and dopamine.

A chemical released from nerve endings that transmit impulses from one nerve cell to another or to a muscle.

A chemical messenger that carries messages or signals between the various nerves. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter

a chemical substance that functions to send signals from one cell to another cell

A chemical substance found between nerve cells in the brain that allows sensory information/impulses to travel from one part of the brain to another.

Any of various chemicals found in the brain and throughout the body that transmit signals among nerve cells.

Substance made of amino acids and peptides that acts as "switches" to transmit nerve impulses across the synapse separating one neuron from another.

A chemical released by a neuron at a synapse to relay information to an adjacent cell.

A chemical that passes electrical impulses from the end of one nerve to the next

chemicals used by neurons for communication; released at the synapse to stimulate the adjacent neuron.

NEUR-o-TRANZ-mit-er A chemical passed from a neuron to receptors on another neuron or on a muscle or gland cell. 597, 616

Substance releases by synaptic terminals for the pur­pose of transmitting information from one cell to another

Specialized chemical messenger transported between neurons. 29

Chemical involved in transmitting nervous messages across the gap between neurones.

A highly complex specialized cellular structure responsible for the conversion and transmission of physical to electrical signals used by the brain for all of our senses.

specialized chemicals that control cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system

Any chemical that transmits information from one neuron (brain cell) to another neuron across a very small extracellular space called a synapse. (Neuro refers to the brain cells and transmitter, to sending and receiving information.)

a chemical "messenger" used for communicate between neurons

(noo'-ro-TRAHNS-miht-ehr) A molecule that transmits or inhibits the transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another across a synapse.

A chemical that is released during a nerve impulse that transmits information from one nerve cell to another.

a chemical produced by neurons that carries messages to other neurons.

A chemical substance released in quanta by the pre-synaptic cell that causes an effect (usually a change in ion permeability to one or more ions) on the post-synaptic cell.

A chemical mediator released from nerve terminals in response to nerve stimulation and which binds to receptors which are on the surface of other nerve cells. There are a number of different classes of neurotransmitters as well as many different receptor types and subtypes.

A chemical that is released from a nerve cell which thereby transmits an impulse from a nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, organ, or other tissue. A neurotransmitter is a messenger of neurologic information from one cell to another. See the entire definition of Neurotransmitter

Chemical substance secreted by the terminal end of an axon that stimulates a muscle fiber contraction or an impulse in another neuron.

A "chemical messenger" responsible for communication between nerve cells in the brain. The activity of the many different neurotransmitters is believed to affect brain function and mood. Many antidepressant medicines work by helping to restore the normal level of neurotransmitters in the brain. Close Window

a substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse (i.e. the gap between two neurons or nerve cells).

A substance released by one nerve cell that activates or inhibits a neighboring nerve cell.

A chemical substance, such as dopamine, that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.

Substances released from one neuron that can excite or inhibit another neuron.

A chemical substance, given off by the terminals of a nerve cell or nerve fibre, which affects the next nerve cell or fibre in the chain, thus allowing a message to be passed between different links in the chain. It is the arrival of the electrical impulse at the end of the nerve fibre that causes the release of a neurotransmitter into the small gap (called the synapse) between nerve cells. The neurotransmitter travels across the synapse and excites or inhibits the next nerve cell in the chain.

A chemical signal made by neurons, or nerve cells to communicate with other cells in the brain and nervous system, transmitting impulses from neuron to neuron, muscle or glands.

A chemical substance produced by nerve cells, transported in the axon, and released at the synapse; causes chemical and electrical changes in adjacent cells.

The chemical substance between nerve cells in the brain which allows the transmission of an impulse from one nerve to another.

a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses, or messages, from one cell to another.

A naturally occurring chemical that affects nerve and/or brain function.

A chemical that communicates information between neurons by movement across the synapse. illustration

A chemical found in the nervous system that facilitates the transmission of impulses across synapses, or gaps, between neurons. Examples of neurotransmitters are dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin.

a chemical messenger (e.g., dopamine, serotonin) used to communicate among neurons and between neurons and other types of cells.

Nerve cells communicate with each other by sending chemical messages called neurotransmitters that either excite or inhibit signal transduction. They bind to receptors located on the cell membranes of neurons.

a biochemical substance (such as dopamine, acetylcholine, or norepinephrine) that carries impulses from one nerve cell to another

a chemical specific to a particular Neurone: which is secreted by it in order to influence and communicate with other nerve cells.

A chemical that is released from a neurone and transmits a message to either a nerve or a cell. Examples include dopamine and acetylcholine

brain chemical that sends messages from one nerve cell to another; brain hormones

A chemical you make to transmit messages along your nerves and among your brain cells. You make a number of different neurotransmitters, including serotonin.

A chemical in the brain that transmits messages between neurons, or nerve cells. Changes in the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, are thought to be related to depressive disorders.

A chemical that is release from a neuron that can relay information to another cell by binding to a receptor on the membrane of the target cell.

A chemical that acts as a messenger to carry signals or information from one nerve cell to another.

A complex molecule which acts as a chemical messenger for conveying electrical signals between neurons at synaptic points.

A chemical released by neurons at a synapse for the purpose of relaying information via receptors.

a low-molecular-weight substance that is released from an axon terminal in response to the arrival of an action potential and then diffuses across the synapse to bind to a receptor on a postsynaptic cell.

a substance secreted by excited nerve cells (NEURONS) that conveys the nerve signal to another nerve cell across the gap, or synapse, between the two cells.

A chemical messenger that passes signals between nerve cells or between a nerve cell and another type of cell.

A chemical released from a neuron ending, at a synapse, to either excite or inhibit the adjacent neuron or muscle cell. A chemical synthesized within the nerve cell body, characteristic for this type of nerve, and stored at the nerves in pods as granules. Release of these chemicals into the synaptic cleft between axons facilitates nerve transmissions.

neurotransmitters are chemicals which the cells of the nervous system, neurons, use to communicate with one another. Within neurons, information is transmitted via electric signals known as action potentials which travel down the long tails (axons) of the neurons. When the action potential reaches the end of the axons, it is stimulated to release neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters can then do one of several things stimulate a muscle to perform some action "turn on" another neuron (excitatory neurotransmitters) "turn off" another neuron (inhibitory neurotransimtters); modulate the activity of another neuron (neuromodulator) Some common neurotransmitters implicated in GTS are dopamine, seretonin (also called 5HT or 5-hydroxy-tryptamine), GABA (gamma amino butyric acid), acetylcholine, glutamate, norepinephrine.

A chemical substance that naturally occurs in the brain and is responsible for communication among nerve cells.

A chemical messenger released by an excited or stimulated nerve cell and used to transmit nerve signals from one nerve cell to the next. These messengers can be categorized into one of three classifications: (1) stimulatory neurotransmitters, which cause the generation of a new nerve signal; (2) inhibitory neurotransmitters, which prevent the formation of a new nerve signal; and (3) modulatory neurotransmitters, which affect biological activity in the cell.

A chemical in the brain that transmits nerve impulses.

any one of numerous chemicals that modify or result in the transmission of nerve impulses between synapses

Biochemicals that enable cells to "converse" with one another by providing instructions and feedback to communicate with the muscles, organs and glands. For example, neurotransmitters are responsible for signaling the quickening pulse of the heart, the release of hormones from the endocrine system, and the release of enzymes in the digestive system.

A chemical messenger that brain cells use to communicate with one another.

A substance that transmits nerve impulses across a tiny gap between nerve cells. Low levels of certain neurotransmitters are associated with depression.

a chemical that communicates between nerve cells in the body.

Any of the chemicals carrying nerve impulses across the synapse (gap) between adjacent neurons (nerve cells)

Any specific chemical agent (e.g., dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) that, upon excitation, is released by a presynaptic cell and crosses the synapse to stimulate or inhibit the postsynaptic cell.

a chemical released from neurons that transmits an impulse to another neuron, muscle, organ, or other tissue.

(NOOR-oh-tranz-MIH-ter) A chemical that is made by nerve cells and used to communicate with other cells, including other nerve cells and muscle cells.

one of the many chemicals that carry impulses between nerve cells.

Molecule that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.

Neurotransmitters are molecules that are used to carry signals from one neuron to another. One neuron releases the neurotransmitter near another neuron's receptors. The neurotransmitter diffuses across the gap between the neurons and locks into a receptor site on the surface of the downstream neuron. This induces a change in the downstream neuron.

A special chemical in the brain that is necessary for communication between nerve cells. Examples of neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

a chemical that serves as a communication link between neurons.

A chemical that carries a message from one nerve cell to another.

a chemical messenger between neurons; a substance that is released by the axon of one neuron and excites or inhibits activity in a neighboring neuron.

Any of the specialized chemicals that carry a signal from one neuron to another.

A chemical which is used to convey information between nerve cells.

a chemical substance released by nerve cell endings to transmit impulses across the space between nerve cells, tissues or organs

A specialised chemical produced in nerve cells that permits the transmission of information between nerve cells .

A chemical that is released from a nerve cell, which transmits an impulse from that nerve cell to another nerve cell, or to another organ (a muscle, for example). Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit neurological information from one cell to another.

Molecules that carry chemical messages between nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are released from neurons, diffuse across the minute space between cells (synaptic cleft), and bind to receptors located on post-synaptic neuronal surfaces. Dopamine and serotonin are examples of neurotransmitters.

A chemical that carries signals between brain cells. Neurotransmitters are released from packets located at the end of one neuron (the presynaptic cell). They then diffuse across the synapse, where they bind to special molecules called receptors, located on the outer surface of the next neuron in the chain (the postsynaptic cell). This binding stimulates electrical activity in the postsynaptic cell, which in turn releases neurotransmitters from its synaptic terminals. This chain of electrical-chemical activity carries signals from one brain area to another, such as from sensory areas (eyes, ears, skin, etc.) to the brain, and from the brain to the muscles. Some familiar neurotransmitters are acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate.

Chemical "messengers" that facilitate communication between nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are found in the brain and throughout the body along pathways to the brain, such as the spinal cord. Many experts believe that neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, play a major role in regulating a person's feelings of pain, mood, and emotions.

A chemical that carries messages between different nerve cells or between nerve cells and muscles.

chemical messenger that allows nerve cells to send signals to one another or to other types of cells.

small molecules present in all brain cells that affect the brain activity by interacting with bigger, more complex molecules called receptors.

The chemical messenger released from a synaptic terminal to influence a postsynaptic target cell.

A chemical substance that helps transmit nerve impulses.

A chemical in the brain that transmits or sends messages to other specific cells. Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters, and abnormalities in the level of neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and serotonin, are thought to be critical in schizophrenia.

A chemical released from a neuron ending, at a synapse, to either excite or inhibit the adjacent neuron or muscle cell. Stored in vesicles near the synapse, the chemical is released when an impulse arrives.

(nur-o-trans-mit-er): A substance in the brain that carries chemical messages between nerve cells. Neurotransmitters are released from neurons, diffuse across the tiny space between cells (synaptic cleft) and bind to receptors.

A substance such as a hormone or protein that is found naturally in the body and that carries signals between nerve cells and other cells.

released by nerves. Substances that transmit impulses throughout the central nervous system.

A chemical that carries impulses from one neuron to another

brain chemicals that are involved in carrying messages to and from the brain.

Specialized chemical messenger (e.g., acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) that sends a message from one nerve cell to another. Most neurotransmitters play different roles throughout the body, many of which are not yet known.

substance that is released when the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron is excited. The substance then travels across the synapse to act on the target cell to either inhibit or excite it. Disorders in the brain physiology of neurotransmitters have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of psychiatric illnesses.

A chemical that is released from one neuron and attaches to an adjacent neuron triggerring a nerve impulse. Back to Homepage

A body chemical that's used to transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another. Sodium and calcium are two of the most common.

A chemical substance that transmits a nerve impulse across a synapse.

A substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse (space or divider).

a chemical that modifies or results in transmission of nerve impulses between synapses.

A chemical compound, packaged inside of a membrane-bound “ synaptic vesicle” in the cytoplasm of a neuron. The neurotransmitter is released from the vesicle at a chemical synapse via exocytosis, where the vesicle fuses to the presynaptic membrane at the active zone. As the vesicle fuses, neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft to signal one or more neighboring cells, usually other neurons or muscles. A table of neurotransmitters in C. elegans can be found here. See Neuropeptide See Receptor

Extracellular signaling molecule that is released by the presynaptic neuron at a chemical synapse and relays the signal to the postsynaptic cell. The response elicited by a neurotransmitter, either excitatory or inhibitory, is determined by its receptor on the postsynaptic cell. Examples include acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA (-aminobutyric acid), and serotonin. ( Figure 21-28)

Chemicals that act as messengers between cells in the brain and nervous system; they transmit impulses across the gap from a neuron to another neuron, a muscle, or a gland.

A chemical used to send information between nerve cells or nerve and muscle cells.

Chemicals produced by neurons to carry their messages to other neurons.

A substance (as norepinephrine or acetylcholine) that transmits nerve impulses from one cell to another across a synapse.

A chemical involved in the transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse from one neuron to another. Usually released from small vesicles in the synaptic terminals of the axon in response to the action potential; diffuses across synapse to influence electrical activity in another neuron. See also dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin.

The chemical substance released by one neuron to stimulate another nerve.

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between a neuron and another cell.