describes benefits that are available to all people once a good is provided. By contrast, a good's benefits are excludable if they can be withheld by the owner or provider. Firework displays, pollution control devices, and street lighting yield nonexcludable benefits because once they are provided, it is difficult if not impossible to exclude people from enjoying their benefits.

If it is technologically impossible, or extremely costly, to prevent a person from enjoying the benefits of a good or service. (p. 204)