"In Latin America, populism has encompassed many forms, but all have shared qualities of being urban-based, multiclass coalitional, hierarchical, cooptive, ad hoc, and nonrevolutionary, led by ebullient (if not charismatic) figures who promised to redress popular grievances and to build social solidarity." They "are nationalistic in character but often have no consistent ideology or agenda; rather, they often adopt a range of issues to fit the needs of the times." Populist leaders include Juan Perón in Argentina, Getúlio Vargas in Brazil, Lázaro Cárdenas in Mexico, and José María Velasco Ibarra in Ecuador.