Merit. This includes all the wholesome acts that produce good karma: the ten good characteristics or virtuous actions, the four concentrations ( dhyana), the four unlimited states of mind ( apramana), the four formless attainments ( arupya-samapatti), the five superknowledges ( abhijna), the six perfections ( paramita), the four meditative stabilizations ( samadhi), and the four doors of retention ( dharani). These are dharmas that are followed by both worldly or ordinary beings and by holy ones (saints) .