This word generally refers to the basic processes required to fully turn a crude oil into a relatively odorless, tasteless and light colored product with an acceptable shelf life. The basic processes are degumming or alternatively neutralizing followed by bleaching and then deodorizing. A refined oil should therefore mean a fully processed oil. Often, however, the word is used to describe an oil that has only been neutralized. For this reason it is common to hear fully processed oil expressed as "RBD" oil, i.e. refined, bleached, deodorized.
The process of removing minor impurities from metals, such as copper anodes, through an electrolytic purification process.
Treatment of scrap in the electric furnace or the process of transforming cast iron into steel, by blasting pure oxygen into the fused cast iron mass by means of a lance.
A process of removing impurities from metals by introducing air and flux into the molten metal. The impurities are removed as gases or slag.
Operations performed to extract metals in pure form from masses containing other metals or impurities.
the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.)
Series of processes to convert crude oil and its fractions into finished petroleum product, which may include thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, polymerization, alkylation, reforming, hydrocracking, hydrofoaming, hydrogenation, hydrogen treating, Hydrofining®, solvent extraction, dewaxing, de-oiling, acid treating, clay filtration, deasphalting, etc..
Series of processes to convert crude oil and its fractions into finished petroleum products, including thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, polymerization, alkylation, reforming, hydrocracking, hydroforming, hydrogenation, hydrogen treating, Hydrofining®, solvent extraction, dewaxing, de-oiling, acid treating, clay filtration and deasphalting.
Process designed to substantially remove free fatty acids and other impurities such as phosphatides, proteinaceous and mucilagenous substances, which could contribute to undesirable flavor and appearance in the finished product.
The process of removing impurities or defects from a product.
Processing and manufacturing of petroleum products out of crude oil and other hydrocarbons. Refining begins with simple distillation, and then additional processes are done to minimize the production of heavier/lower value products, such as residual fuel oil, in favor of lighter/higher value products such as gasoline.
process of mechanically treating fibres to develop strength
The final purification process of a metal or mineral.
Refining is the process of converting crude oil into usable fuel products. A full description of refining and refining processes is available.
To process material to a pure state. Precious metal bullion is fire refined to high purity gold and silver.
Conversion of crude oil into useful products, such as naphtha, the most important feedstock for the petrochemical industry. Every refinery begins with the separation of crude oil into different fractions by distillation. The fractions are further treated to convert them into mixtures of more useful products by various methods such as cracking, reforming, alkylation, polymerisation and isomerisation. These mixtures of new compounds are then separated using methods such as fractionation and solvent extraction.
A manufacturing process through which crude oil is turned into usable fuels and other products.
(a) The removal of impurities and metallic oxides from the molten bath by the reaction of the slag and other additions. (b) A heat treatment process with the object of refining or making the grain size of the steel uniform.
In metallurgy:To purify or separate (metals) from dross, alloy, or other extraneous matter; in iron-working, to convert grey pig-iron into white or plate metal by partial decarburization. See also:purification*, separation*. Alchemical: the separation of the the pure from the base, or impure.
Extracting and purifying metals and minerals.
Series of processes for converting crude oil and its fractions to finished petroleum products.
Refining is the process of purification of a substance. The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly clog an engine with residues and byproducts.
Refining (as in non-metallurgical uses) consists of purifying an impure material, in this case a metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining, the final material is usually identical chemically to the original one, only it is purer. The processes used are of many type, including pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques.
