A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; -- officially so called.
Arab term describing a power holder delegated by the Caliph . Since the 12th century, this title is carried by any ruler, be his power recognized or not by the Caliph. Today, this title is used in the Arab world only by the ruler of Oman.
Title of the Ottoman sovereign. (Fine, John V.A. Jr. The Late Medieval Balkans, 626)
ruler, military commander in medieval Islamic states
"power", authority, the title of a Muslim monarch.
An absolute ruler; a civil title
ruler of the East African port of Zanzibar (the title was used by many rulers in East Africa and Arabia)
ruler, military commander. The King. Called the Servant of the Holy.
king of a Muslim state (Arabic sultan)
the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)
A ruler of a Muslim state.
ruler. The title was usually accompanied by the Maldivian style of Kerithi Maha Radun.
ruler, king. The title of the ruler of Zanzibar since the reign of Sayyid Sa'id bin Sultan.
Title of the Almoravid, Hafsid, and Ottoman overlords of Libya. Considered the ultimate secular title for a Muslim ruler.
(Turkish) An emperor of the Ottoman Empire.
ruler, king. The title of the ruler of Oman since the reign of Sayyid Said bin Sultan.
A sovereign of some Islamic countries. Compare with Sultana. Ar.
Sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. Originally it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", or "rulership". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain Muslim rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms (i.e., the lack of dependence on any higher ruler), without claiming the overall Caliphate, or it was used to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate.