A two-dimensional coordinates system's horizontal, or left-to-right direction. The x-x signifies one direction followed, with a step-AND-repeat method.

The axis in the plane of the laminate used as 0 degree reference; the Y axis is the axis in the plane of the laminate perpendicular to the X axis; the Z axis is the reference axis normal to the laminate plane in composite laminates.

The horizontal directional flow of an adhesive or the horizontal directional flow of electricity through a conductive material or device. Back to the top