The usual method for illuminating transparent microscopic specimens. The light is concentrated on the specimen by the substage condenser. Objects appear in outline (refraction images) or colored on a bright field (color images).

Light shining through an object from behind. Back to text

Light passing through the sheet from behind reveals information about paper structure, formation and sheet density; this light can also reveal condition problems and restorations.

Light that passes through an object.

the placement of a light source behind the painting. With this technique, light is transmitted through cracks, tears, paint losses, and thinly painted areas, thereby differentiating them from more heavily painted areas.

Is produced by placing a light source behind an object-as in a light box-so that the light is passed through the object. The light is useful in detecting damage because it shines more strongly through the areas where the object is torn, split or worn. Insect damage, splits and weaknesses in paper, textiles and paintings can often be identified at early stages by using transmitted light.