Study of how maps can be used to describe the geographic distribution of organisms during the geologic past.

The branch of paleontology that deals with the geographic distribution of plants and animals in past geologic time, especially with regard to ecology, climate, and evolution.

The science that studies the past distribution of plants and animals.

The study of the spatial distribution of ancient organisms, including analysis of the ecological and historical factors governing this distribution. In contrast to paleoecology, most paleobiogeographical studies have dealt with distributions of individual taxa or with questions of global or regional provincialism. See Briggs and Crowther (1990), pp. 452-460.

The study of previous animal and plant populations and their spatial patterns and dynamics in geologic time.