Robert Anderson (January 7, 1750–February 20, 1830) was a Scottish author and critic.

Dr. Robert Geoffrey William Anderson was Director of the British Museum, London.

Robert Anderson (born 19 August, 1959) was an Australian rules football player. He played with Footscray, now known as the Western Bulldogs, in a variety of positions, but mostly on the wing and flanks. He was born and raised in Canberra and was recruited form local club Queanbeyan.

Robert Anderson (May 29 1966 – July 20 2006) kidnapped and murdered a five-year-old girl, Audra Ann Reeves, in Amarillo, Texas in the United States on June 9, 1992. Anderson told police that he kidnapped Reeves as she was returning home from playing in a park. He brought her inside his house and unsuccessfully tried to rape her.

Robert Pilling Anderson (24 July 1893 to unknown) was an American cricketer. He played seven first-class matches in 1912 and 1913. All these matches were against Australia, five for the Philadelphian cricket team and two for a combined Canada/USA team.