The application of the principles and techniques of the natural sciences, especially biology, to investigate and solve problems in clinical medicine.

The investigation of the effects of external environmental factors such as weightlessness on the human body.

the branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice

the branch of medical science that studies the ability of organisms to withstand environmental stress (as in space travel)

a branch of medicine that is combined with research in biology

A system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery. Also called conventional medicine, Western medicine, mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, and allopathic medicine.