A stream of sharp material particles which break superficial fibres, reducing internal stress fields.

Permanent distortion resulting from cold plastic metal deformation of the outer wires. Usually caused by pounding against a sheave or machine member, or by heavy operating pressure between rope and sheave, rope and drum, or rope and adjacent wrap of rope.

Blasting process using spherical shaped beads or shot for cleaning and/or modifying surface properties.

Hammering or blending metal to change its surface or shape.

Peening is the mechanical working of metals by means of hammer blows or by blasting with shot (shot peening). Peening is a cold work process. It tends to expand the surface of the cold metal, thereby relieving tensile stresses and/or inducing compressive stresses.