Refusal.

The act of refusing a judge or challenging that he shall not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality.

Plea by which defendant requests that judge hearing his/her trial excuse him/herself from case.

(law) the disqualification of a judge or jury by reason of prejudice or conflict of interest; a judge can be recused by objections of either party or judges can disqualify themselves

(law) an objection grounded on the judge's relationship to one of the parties