The gradual reduction of angularity of a tool edge or surface resulting in a dulling effect (Brink 1978).

Shaping the book back to be convex.

Creating the round spine of a book block during the hardcover binding process.

Convex/concave shape of spine and foredge of book created during the binding process

(see back): The mechanical or manual manipulation of the spine of a text block into a convex shape (and the consequent manipulation of the fore edge into a concave shape). Rounding usually precedes backing. Rounding and backing help distribute the swell than naturally occurs with sewing and adhesive binding.

Shaping the backbone of the book into a convex shape in preparation for backing.

Process of hammering or manipulating the textblock spine into a convex shape preparatory to backing. Rounding diminishes the effect of swelling caused by the thickness of the sewing threads or the application of glue from an adhesive binding. It also helps to prevent the textblock spine from falling into a concave shape after years of use or of standing upright on a shelf. See also backing. houlder Outer edge of a rounded textblock spine against which the cover board fits. The shoulder is made when a book is rounded and backed. Also called a ridge, butt, flange, groove, abutment and ledge.

Rounding describes the shape of sediments. Well rounded indicates that the sediments have smooth edges, while poorly rounded indicates that the edges are jagged. Rounding of sediment particles can indicate the amount of transportation of the sediments, from the source area to where it was deposited.