A process that replaces living materials (wood or bone) with mineral matter. Organic matter is thus turned to stone.

The process in which an organic tissue turns to stone.

The process of turning organic materials into rock by replacing the organic material with minerals.

the process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape

The process by which organic material is substituted with rock, thereby making a stone copy of the original.

The process of changing organic matter to rock, called permineralization.