Technique for specifically inserting genetic loci modified in desired ways into e.g. laboratory mice.

the insertion of DNA into specific sites or genes within the genome of selected cells to alter gene expression for therapeutic applications

This is a specific type of transgenesis that targets a particular gene. If a mutated copy of a gene is electroporated into a cell, the inserted DNA will find the endogenous copy of itself and recombination will occur with some frequency (1-25%). If this event occurs in embryonic stem cells, cells carrying the new copy of the gene can be used to generate embryos that can be assessed for the phenotypic consequences of the mutation. This technique is used frequently in mice to study loss-of -function mutations. Read more about gene targeting references: Thomas et al. High frequency targeting of genes to specific sites in the mammalian genome. Cell 1986; 44(3):419-28. van der Weyden L, et al. Tools for targeted manipulation of the mouse genome. Physiol Genomics 2002; 11(3):133-64.

The genetic modification of an endogenous DNA sequence within a cell by homologous recombination with a DNA segment introduced into the cell. It is a technique for inserting into laboratory mice genetic loci modified in desired ways.

The introduction of specific mutations into genes by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells.

A technique for placing a new DNA sequence in a precise predetermined position on the recipient organism’s chromosome.

molecular biological strategy that allows a point intervention in the genome, at the level of a clearly delimited sequence, as opposed to classical transgenesis