a morpheme that cannot stand alone as an independent word, as re-, -tain, and -er in retainer; formative. Cp. affix; free morpheme; root.

a morpheme that occurs only as part of a larger construction; eg an -s at the end of plural nouns

a grammatical unit that never occurs by itself, but is always attached to some other morpheme

a morpheme that must attach to a word stem

a unit of meaning which can only exist alongside a free morpheme

morpheme that cannot stand alone, but must form part of a larger word, like plural un-, or -ness. In contrast, free morphemes, like cat or happy, can stand alone. A trailing hyphen indicates that a bound morpheme is a prefix; a leading hyphen indicates a suffix.