Waste material that may accumulate in cell lysosomes when it is not broken down by enzymes.

surface on which a cell or organism grows or is attached — such as the use of microcarriers in cell culture; most eukaryotic cell types require attachment to a substrate for survival; also called extracellular matrices; in the body they are composed mainly of proteins and provide chemical cues that affect or guide the behavior of cells.

Any combination of materials that provide support, water retention, aeration, or nutrient retention for plant growth. In this instance, substrate is compost into which mushroom spawn is distributed.

The rocks and soils that make up the bottom of a stream.

any substance on which an enzyme can act. In this example, HRP (the enzyme) will interact with a substrate called ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoleine-6-sulfonic acid) to produce a yellow solution.

A chemical recognized by an enzyme.

The matrix or solid underlay upon which a monolayer culture grows. Reactant in enzyme-mediated reaction.

substance on or in which a microorganism is living

The transparent plastic, usually polycarbonate, ‘disc’ that is bonded to a similar substrate to form a complete DVD or HD-DVD disc. Each substrate is therefore 0.6 mm thick and 1.2 cm in diameter and contains the pits for that side or layer of the disc.

Any non-film layer in a laminate.

The clear polycarbonate disc onto which data layers are stamped.

The supporting layer under tile, generally panels of plywood or backer board.

the sea bed on which animals and plants live er are attached, including sand, mud, rock and coral.

the substance placed on the floor of a terrarium. Usually dirt, peat moss, sand, vermiculite, etc.

A solid surface. The substrate at Argyle includes: smooth smallrocks, large rough rocks, sand, anoxic mud, other mud, dead clam and barnacle shells, and live oyster and barnacle shells.

In terms of river/stream characteristics, substrate usually refers to both inorganic and organic particles on the stream bed. Examples of substrates include: bedrock, boulder, cobble, gravel, silt, sand, detritus, muck, and artificial.

an underlying template that lines up the atoms of a crystalline thin film grown on it, much as a waffle iron confers a grid pattern on batter poured into it while hot

Refers to the catalytic or filter structure, generally comprised of either a ceramic or metallic honeycomb.

A CCD is bump bonded to a silicon substrate. The substrate supports the CCD during and after thinning. Without the substrate, the CCD would be prone to breakage. A thinned CCD is only about 0.0005" or 10-15 microns thick (1/10th of the thickness of a human hair!). The substrate also brings out the electrical connections from the front side CCD bond pads to make packaging easier.

the glass or ceramic base item to which a decal is applied and fused during the firing process

The starting wafer on which semiconductor devices (“chips”) are built.

another term for a wafer.

The basic unit of material on which work is performed to create a product. Examples include wafers, die, plates used for masks, flat panels, circuit boards, lead frames, CDs and disks.

A wafer that is the basis for subsequent processing operations in the fabrication of semiconductor devices.

portion of a media metabolized by an organism.

Base metal of MBCI panel; e.g., Galvalume.

The base that an organism lives on.

The base on which organisms live.

Anything that is printed upon.

In printing, the medium to which an ink or pigment is permanently transferred, such as paper or acetate.

The media on which something is printed, such as paper, vellum, cardboard, or cloth.