Research conducted within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) that applies rigor and transparency to the methods and outcomes of research. Most of this research is within the public domain, published through journals and conferences, and subject to a ‘refereeingÂ' (see below) process.

Unbiased studies and articles published by finance professors and graduate students from the nation's premier graduate schools of business, including the University of Chicago, Wharton, Yale, Princeton, and Stanford.

The complex, investigative research students produce in college