Alma Maria Mahler-Werfel (n̩e Schindler) (August 31, 1879 РDecember 11, 1964) was noted in her native Vienna for her beauty and intelligence. In her youth she was an aspiring composer. She was the wife, successively, of one of the century's leading composers (Gustav Mahler), architects (Walter Gropius), and novelists (Franz Werfel) and lover to the painter Oskar Kokoschka.