Pergamon or Pergamum (Greek: Î ÎÏγαμος, modern day Bergama in Turkey, ) was an ancient Greek city, in Mysia, northwestern Anatolia, 16 miles from the Aegean Sea, located on a promontory on the north side of the river Caicus (modern day Bakırçay), that became an important kingdom during the Hellenistic period, under the Attalid dynasty, 282–129 BC. The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire.