Any one of the numerous sociolinguistically related peoples of West Africa who are the descendants of the founders and rulers of the Mali Empire (~800 A.D. to ~1600 A.D) which encompassed the present day nations of Mali, Senegambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, and Ghana to name a few.

A technique for creating teaching opportunities by requesting that the child do something, say something, or answer a non yes or no question. “ Mand is a term used by Skinner for a request, command, or demand” (Noonan & McCormick, 1993, p. 239).