A neurotransmitter that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and is related to increased motor activity. It is the precursor to epinephrine.
A catecholamine that is a neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Disturbances in its tracts apparently figure in depression and mania. It is also a neurotransmitter secreted at the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, a hormone liberated with epinephrine in the adrenal medulla and similar to it in action, and a strong vasoconstrictor.
a hormone that is produced before epinephrine (adrenalin) and results in a similar reaction in the body. (See Epinephrine.)
a hormone that regulates blood pressure by causing blood vessels to narrow and the heart to beat faster when blood pressure drops
The neurotransmitter found in the nerves of the sympathetic branch of the ANS. It is also one of the neurotransmitters involved in various arousal systems in the brain.
a hormone produced by the locus coeruleus, similar in chemical and pharmacological properties to epinephrine ( a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system). Norepinephrine and epinephrine are the two active hormones that cause some of the physiological expressions of fear and anxiety and have been found to be in excess in some anxiety disorders when a disturbance in their metabolism occurs.
A monoamine neurotransmitter involved in states of arousal and vigilance. go to glossary index
a neurotransmitter involved in the muscle paralysis during REM sleep
also called noradrenaline. Neurotransmitter that is chemically related to epinephrine. Too much may be present during manic states, too little is associated with depression.
Hormone released by the adrenal gland that is also a neurotransmitter (substance released by nerves); one of the two catecholamines
neurotransmitter originating from nerve terminals that acts as an excitatory and inhibitory transmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
A catecholamine neurotransmitter in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system, released at most sympathetic neuromuscular and neuroglandular junctions, and a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; also called noradrenaline.
Hormone discharged from the nerves, the brain, and the adrenal glands that helps the body deal with stress and low blood pressure
A neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system and also at the postganglionic nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system. Also called noradrenaline.
A chemical found in neurons has many functions. Norepinephrine release is associated with novel or unexpected experiences, which enhance learning and enliven memory. Posit Science programs are designed to up-regulate the production of norepinephrine in the brain by providing new and surprising experiences.
a hormone produced in the adrenal medulla that intensifies the effects of epinephrine.
One of the neurotransmitters involved in depression. Research is being conducted into developing drugs that are able to selectively block norepinephrine reuptake, as this action has been shown to be effective in relieving depression.
A neurotransmitter that has been linked to a number of the emotional and physical symptoms of depression. Some of these may include a loss of interest, lack of concentration, and bodily aches and pains.
a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses
a monoamine neurotransmitter that appears to play a role in regulation of mood, released from the adrenal gland.
Norepinephrine is thought to have important input into the central nervous system control of attention, concentration, cognition, mood, emotions, and blood pressure. Back to the top Back to the top
Neurotransmitter responsible for constricting blood vessels, which can increase blood pressure, blood flow through coronary arteries, rate and depth of breathing, and can relax smooth muscle in the intestinal wall. Back to the top Back to the top
A chemical which functions as a neurotransmitter that causes constriction of blood vessels, increased blood pressure, and dilation of the bronchi (i.e., breathing tubes).
A chemical in the brain that is thought to be linked to depression.
NOR-ep-ee-NEF-rin A hormone produced in the adrenal medulla that raises blood pressure, constricts blood vessels, and slows digestion, in response to a threat. 670
A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands for a number of purposes and also released by the sympathetic nerve endings as a neurotransmitter.
A neurotransmitter released from the axon ends of some nerve fibers; noradrenaline.
A neurotransmitter related to dopamine and adrenaline. As a peripheral vasoconstrictor, it helps restore blood pressure during states of low blood pressure.
a neurotransmitter found mainly in areas of the brain that are involved in governing autonomic nervous system activity, especially blood pressure and heart rate.
A neurotransmitter present in some areas of the brain and the adrenal glands; decreases smooth muscle contraction and increases heart rate; often released in response to low blood pressure or stress.
neurotransmitter implicated in depression.
hormone produced in the adrenal medulla and secreted under stress; contributes to the "Þght or þight" response.
chemical transmitter involved in regulating the involuntary nervous system
A neurotransmitter present in regions of the brain that affect heart rate and blood pressure.
neurotransmitter chemical that affects attention, learning, memory, and regulation of mood, sleep, and wakefulness
A catecholamine neurotransmitter, produced both in the brain and in the peripheral nervous system. It seems to be involved in arousal, reward and regulation of sleep and mood, and the regulation of blood pressure.
A hormone produced by your adrenal glandsthat is important for many bodily activities, including brain function.
an adrenergic neurotransmitter
A neurotransmitter within the central nervous system that is widely studied in both affective disorders and substance abuse.
A hormone associated with increased brain activity. See arousal; attention; epinephrine.
A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. Norepinephrine is a major neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system that is closely related to epinephrine in its stimulating influence on cardiovascular and glandular activity.
A catecholamine found within the central nervous system (CNS), and the primary neurotransmitter in the peripheral sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system. It is also produced in the adrenal medulla. In the brain, NE functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter, responsible for our drive, ambition, alertness, focus and long-term memory (learning).
a hormone/chemical that transmits information across the junction that separates one nerve cell (neuron) from another nerve cell or a muscle. Like other neurotransmitters, it is released at synaptic nerve endings to transmit the signal from a nerve cell to other cells. It is one of the body's chemicals that responds to stresses - such a response is often termed the "flight or fight" syndrome.
A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stimulation in the viscera, and stored in granules that stain strongly with chromium salts. Granules are released predominantly in response to hypotension (diminished tension or lower blood pressure).
One of the brain's neurotransmitters involved in the formation and function of dopamine and serotonin.
(NOR-ep-ih-NEF-rin) A chemical made by some nerve cells and in the adrenal gland. It can act as both a neurotransmitter (a chemical messenger used by nerve cells) and a hormone (a chemical that travels in the blood and controls the actions of other cells or organs). Norepinephrine is released from the adrenal gland in response to stress and low blood pressure. Also called noradrenaline.
an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in alertness, concentration, aggression and motivation, among other behaviors. Norepinephrine is made in the brain from the amino acid phenylalanine.
A chemical transmitter, naturally occurring in nerves, and used in synthetic form to sustain blood pressure
A neurotransmitter and a hormone. It is released by the sympathetic nervous system onto the heart, blood vessels, and other organs and by the adrenal gland into the bloodstream as part of the fight-or-flight response. Norepinephrine is also present in the brain and is used as a neurotransmitter in normal brain processes.
Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and also secreted from nerve endings in the sympathetic nervous system as a chemical transmitter of nerve impulses. Many of its general actions are similar to those of adrenalin, but it is more concerned with maintaining normal body activity than with preparing the body for emergencies.
Chemical transmitter found mainly in two areas of the brain involved in governing the involuntary autonomic nervous system.
A natural chemical the body generates which acts as a vaso-constrictor [constricts blood vessels]. It also increases heart rate & blood pressure, and opens up the air passages in the lungs. It is generated in response to short-term stress, and serves to mobilize the body's resources in order to meet the stressful challenge.
A chemical messenger that aids communication between many areas of the brain that affect emotional aspects of a person's nature. It is also important in "controlling the volume" of messages about physical discomfort or pain between the brain and body.
Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland. It increases blood pressure and rate and depth of breathing, raises blood sugar levels and decreases the activity of the intestine.
A substance, both a hormone and neurotransmitter, secreted by the adrenal glands and the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system to cause vasoconstriction and increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and the sugar level of the blood. Norepinephrine release is associated with novel or unexpected experiences, which enhance learning and enliven memory. Posit Science programs are designed to up-regulate the production of norepinephrine in the brain by providing new and surprising experiences.
A neurotransmitter released by sympathetic motor neurons and by some neurons in the central nervous system.
A catecholamine, the precursor of epinephrine.
an important brain neurotransmitter (chemical which enables brain cells to communicate with each other) which plays a role in primitive drives and emotions such as motivation, aggression, and acquisition of food and sex, and body movement. It is sometimes called noradrenaline and is, in fact, the brain's version of adrenaline.
one of the primary stimulating monoamine neurotransmitters.
a neurotransmitter found mainly in areas of the brain that are involved in governing autonomic nervous system activity; increases blood pressure by vasoconstriction, but does not affect cardiac output.
hormone secreted in small amounts by the adrenal medulla; produces actions similar to those resulting from stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, where it is the transmitter substance for the postganglionic neurons; also called noradrenaline
A neurotransmitter that constricts blood vessels and plays a role in the regulation of anxiety, mood, and responses to stress. Sometimes called noradrenaline (see Anxiety, Depression, Hypertension).
One of the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla; its action in emotional excitement is similar in some, but not all, respects to that of epinephrine. It is also a neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Norepinephrine synapses can be either excitatory or inhibitory. Believed to play a role in depression and bipolar disorders (syn. noradrenaline). See also adrenal gland, epinephrine.
hormone that has many of the same effects as epinephrine
Norepinephrine (INN) or noradrenaline (BAN) is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine with chemical formula C8H11NO3. The natural stereoisomer is L-(−)-(R)-norepinephrine. It is released from the medulla of the adrenal glands as a hormone into the blood, but it is also a neurotransmitter in the nervous system where it is released from noradrenergic neurons during synaptic transmission.