Philolaus (circa 470 BC – circa 385 BC, Greek: Φιλόλαος) was a Greek Pythagorean and Presocratic.

Philolaus is a lunar impact crater that is located in the northern part of the Moon's near side. It lies within one crater diameter to the east-southeast of the flooded Anaximenes crater, and to the west of the smaller Anaxagoras crater. It overlays the older and heavily worn 'Philolaus C' to the south.