A small synthetic segment of DNA used to initiate or "prime" the new DNA synthesis. In PCR primers are small segments of DNA of a defined length and sequence that are used to initiate DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase.

Oligonucleotides that have been designed and manufactured to bind to a specific part of a known segment of DNA. DNA polymerase can then extend the oligonucleotide and replicate the DNA. The process allows replication of the specific known segment of DNA, particularly in conjunction with PCR.

short synthetic pieces of DNA designed to match places where human DNA is both repetitive and highly variable. Primers identify the starting and ending points of a DNA fragment that is to be duplicated with PCR. The primers also prime (or stimulate) the synthesis reaction when the DNA fragments are duplicated. The primers contain fluorescent labels so that they may be detected by lasers during electrophoresis.

First complete coat of paint of a painting system applied to a surface. Such paints are designed to provide adequate adhesion and sealing qualities to new surfaces or are formulated to meet the special requirements of the surfaces.

A chemical undercoat applied to the pinchweld to prepare the surface for optimum urethane adhesion.

Coatings that are designed for application to a surface to provide a firm bond between the substrate and subsequent coatings.