rap rhythmic effect achieved by pulling a spinning record manually back and forth under the needle

This is the act of moving the needle back and forth along a groove in a record causing the sound contained within the groove to be played forwards and backwards at various speeds. A DJ will usually have one hand on the record and the other hand on the crossfader located on the mixer. By using the crossfader to cut the volume of the record in and out and moving the record back and forth at various speeds, the DJ can create many unique sounds. The type of sound sample used on the record also affects the sound of the scratch. For more information see the scratching section of this site.

Scratching is a DJ or turntablist technique originated by Grand Wizard Theodore, an early hip hop DJ from New York (AMG). Theodore developed scratching from DJ Grandmaster Flash, who describes scratching as, "nothing but the back-cueing that you hear in your ear before you push it [the recorded sound] out to the crowd." (Toop, 1991) Kool Herc was also an important early figure.

Fine abrasive furrows in the direction of sliding.

The mechanical removal or displacement, or both, of material from a surface by the action of abrasive particles or protuberances sliding across the surfaces.

Damage of a rubbing surface that is characterized by a definite surface roughness in line with motion. The damage, however, is not created by progressive surface deteriorization due to debris.

a harsh noise made by scraping; "the scrape of violin bows distracted her"

(of a pain) as if caused by scraping with nails or claws

A runner that is withdrawn from a race after being listed as an acceptor.

A horse that is withdrawn (or scratched) from a race before the start. Horses can be scratched because of illness or injury.

Withdrawal of a horse from the event

Initialling an agreement.

itching or rash

Gouging of the magnetic layer or base as the tape passes through a machine. Video tape scratches will cause a loss of head-to-tape contact and appear as a solid line on your screen.

Flying low, close to the ground in hope of hooking a thermal. Can be dangerous.

working lift close to terrain.

With the action of scratching.