n. A separate plate in the Early Paleozoic consisting of much of Northern Europe, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and some coastal parts of New England.

Ancient continental land mass - effectively northern England and adjacent Europe that collided with Laurentia during the Caledonian orogeny (c. 410 million years ago). The join between these continents is located just south of the Scottish Southern Uplands and represents the site of a now-vanished ocean (Iapetus).

An ancient continent that consisted approximately of present day England, Wales and northern France.