is a second measure of the global centrality of the actor i. (å ( j)]-1 where ( j) is the geodesic (shortest path) distance between i and j entities in the network, and is the network size. To normalize, divide the sum of geodesics by -1 before inverting.

the spatial property resulting from a relatively small distance; "the sudden closeness of the dock sent him into action"

In topology and related areas in mathematics closeness is one of the basic concepts in a topological space. Intuitively we say two sets are close if they are arbitrarily near to each other. The concept can be defined naturally in a metric space where a notion of distance between elements of the space is defined, but it can be generalized to topological spaces where we have no concrete way to measure distances.

close or warm friendship; "the absence of fences created a mysterious intimacy in which no one knew privacy"

extreme stinginess

a feeling of being intimate and belonging together; "their closeness grew as the night wore on"

characterized by a lack of openness (especially about one's actions or purposes)

The state of being close.