The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.

The head of government in Venice.

The word doge (plural "dogi" or "doges") is a dialectical Italian word (in standard Italian it became duce) that comes from Latin dux, meaning leader, especially military, and giving rise to the noble or princely title duke in English. Specifically, the title was used for the elected chief of state in a few Italian "crowned republics". The two best known such republics rivaled each other and the other regional great powers by building their historical city-states into maritime, commercial, and, to a lesser extent, territorial mini-empires: Venice and Genoa (Genova).

Monks who start their monastery careers during the same ango.