A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.

A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by reporters.

Writing which expresses the sounds of speech as opposed to higher-level units. A phonograph is a unit in such a system. Thus in English the grapheme 'p' is a phonogram whilst the grapheme '8' is not.

The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.