The berries from a perennial vine "Piper nigrum" harvested at different stages of maturity with a pungent taste. Unripe green peppercorns can be preserved in brine or vinegar and are used whole or crushed. If the green berries are allowed to ferment and then dried they become black peppercorns. White peppercorns are the dried, dehusked ripe berries. All forms are used whole for flavoring. Black and white are also ground for use as a flavoring agent or as a condiment.
In legal terminology, a peppercorn is a very small payment, used to satisfy the requirements for the creation of a legal contract. The term comes from the Middle Ages, when the very small fruit of the black pepper carried a high price in Europe, and was sometimes used in place of money or as a dowry.