Persecuted in Nazi Germany, homosexuals were affected by police raids and arrests after 1933. More systematic persecution occurred after 1935 under paragraph 175 of the German penal code. Arrest statistics for homosexuals jailed in Nazi Germany range from a low of 5,000 to a high of 40,000. Many German homosexuals were sent to concentration camps and forced labor camps, where they were vulnerable to brutal medical experiments, castration, and sterilization; in the camps they were marked by a pink triangle. Although their mortality rate is not fully known, it is believed that several hundred probably perished in the camps. The Nazis did not try to kill all homosexuals but tried to "convert them for procreation." There is no evidence of any arrests of lesbians in Nazi Germany.