DNA constantly has to produce new strands of itself. When this is done incorrectly, there are special genes involved in correcting the mistake. If this is not done, or not done properly, a tumor can grow in the place of normal cells.
When a single base in DNA is changed into a different base, or the wrong base inserted during DNA replication, there is a mismatch in base pairing with the base on the opposite strand. A repair system removes the incorrect base and inserts the proper one for pairing with the opposite strand.
A DNA-repair pathway that removes and replaces nucleotides that have been misrepaired by DNA polymerases during DNA replication.
A DNA repair process that corrects mismatched nucleotide pairs by replacing the incorrect nucleotide in the daughter polynucleotide.
A mechanism that corrects mismatched base pairs that have escaped correction by the proofreading activities of the DNA polymerases.
A cell-based enzymatic mechanism that corrects nucleotide insertion errors made during DNA replication by excising the defective sequence and replacing it with the correct sequence.
system for the correction of mismatched nucleotides or single-base insertions or deletions produced during DNA replication; it scans the newly replicated DNA, and when it finds an error, it removes and replaces a stretch of the strand containing the error.
A form of excision repair initiated at the sites of mismatched bases in DNA.
The process that takes place in the cells of almost every living organism. DNA mismatch repair is when DNA replicates in the nucleus of a cell by DNA exonuclease enzymes separating the two strands of the double helix, making each a template upon which a new double helix is built. DNA polymerase then adds new nitrogenous bases to each strand: adenine binds to thymine; guanine binds to cytosine. At the completion of the replication, one DNA double helix has become two double helices. If a mistake or mismatch occurs, there is a set of at least 6 genes that produce proteins whose job is to recognize a mistake or mismatch, cut it out, and replace it with the correct sequence of DNA. If one of these genes is mutated (or changed) and doesn't make a protein that works, the whole system fails.
