Mondex is a smart card electronic cash system which was developed originally by National Westminster Bank and subsequently sold to Master Card International. Mondex launched in a number of markets during the 1990s, expanding from an original trial in Swindon, UK to Hong Kong, Guelph, and New York http://www.efc.ca/pages/media/globe.01nov98.html. It was also trialled on several UK university campuses from the late 1990s, including the University of Exeter (between 1997 and 2001), University of York, University of Nottingham, Aston University and Sheffield Hallam University.