The conversion of a substance from one form to another by the actions of organisms or enzymes.
Conversion of the chemical structure of a pesticide catalysed by enzymes in vitro or in vivo. See also biodegradation.
The process by which xenobiotics are chemically modified and converted to water-soluble metabolites that can be readily excreted. Biotransformation is often called metabolism, although the latter term has a broader definition (see metabolism). The process of biotransformation is divided into two phases called Phase I (oxidation and hydrolysis) and Phase II (conjugation).
The conversion of one natural product to another natural product using biological means. A revolutionary shift in the chemical industry worldwide, away from petrochemical feedstocks and towards biological catalysts. This shift is being driven by diminishing petrochemical resources, concerns about high-energy/ high-waste chemical manufacturing processes, and increasing demand for complex chemical products which can be made only by biological catalysts.
The process by which xenobiotics are converted into metabolites by an animal or plant, including the enzymatic conversion of chemicals into compounds that can be more easily excreted. This term is often used synonymously with the term 'metabolism'.
Alteration of the structure of a compound by a living organism or enzyme.
The conversion of one chemical or material into another using a biological catalyst: a near synonym is biocatalysis, and hence the catalyst used is called a biocatalyst. Usually the catalyst is an enzyme, or a whole, dead micro-organism that contains an enzyme or several enzymes.
the transformation of chemical compounds within a living system.
Term usually used to denote the activity of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes.
Any chemical conversion of substances that is mediated by living organisms or enzyme preparations derived there from. Nagel et al. (eds), 1991
Conversion of a substance into other compounds by organisms; includes biodegradation.
