soil horizon usually beneath the A horizon that is characterized by one or more of the following: (1) a concentration of silicate clays, iron and aluminium oxides, and humus, alone or in combination; (2) a blocky or prismatic structure, and (3) coatings of iron and aluminium oxides that give darker, stronger or redder colour.
The mineral horizon below an O, A, or E horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of transition from the overlying horizon to the underlying C horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, iron/aluminum oxides, humus, salts, or a combination of these; (2) granular, blocky, prismatic, or columnar structure; (3) redder or browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) a combination of these.
immediately below the A-horizon; contains deposits of organic matter leached from surface soils
The layer of soil below the A horizons, usually of finer texture (ie, more clayey), denser and stronger in colour. Thickness ranges from 10 cm to 2 m thick and is divided into B1 and B2 horizons.
subsoil; a light colored, dense layer which contains higher amounts of clay
Soil horizon normally found below the A horizon and above the C horizon. This layer is characterized by the following features: (1) Enrichment of clay because of illuviation from the A horizon. (2) Enrichment of iron and aluminum oxides because of illuviation of these materials from the A horizon. In some cases the precipitation of iron can cause the development of a hardpan. (3) Accumulation of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, and other salts. (4) Higher bulk density because of the illuvial deposition of clay particles.
The Mineral Soil horizon in between the surface A horizon and the C horizon. The horizon shows characteristics such as accumulation of salts, clays, iron and aluminum compounds and organic matter from layers above and usually has strucural development. Characteristics designated by subscript(s) e.g. Bnt horizon contains accumulation of sodium and Clay and has a strong columnar Structure which is characteristic of Solonetzic soils
Also called the subsoil - this layer is beneath the E Horizon and above the C Horizon. It contains clay and mineral deposits (like iron, aluminum oxides, and calcium carbonate) that it receives from layers above it when mineralized water drips from the soil above. 1,000,000,000
