A bud produced in generation by gemmation.
One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.
an asexual, spore-like reproductive unit in sponges, capable of overwintering and developing into an adult sponge the following summer
The non-sexual reproductive parts of the gametophyte generation of liverworts. This is a small cup of tissue on the upper surface of the liverwort that contains simple cells. When it rains, the water drops splash into this and scatter the cells far and wide; they eventually germinate and produce another gametophyte plant. This helps the liverworts to increase their numbers both by sexual and asexual reproduction.
a dormant, tough-coated cluster of cells produced by freshwater sponges for development in more favorable conditions.
Gemmules are internal buds found in freshwater sponges and are the result of asexual reproduction, and resemble round, food-filled balls. Gemmules have a protective coat composed of spicules and organic matter. They are resistant to desiccation (drying out), freezing, and anoxia (lack of oxygen) and can lie around for long periods of time.