Organic matter, plant or animal, that has changed over time into stone or a substance that resembles a stone; mineralization of plant or animal matter.

literally "turned to stone," Petrification is the long process by which organic material is replaced by rock materials

turned to stone through a process that replaces organic molecules with inorganic minerals.

petrification: the process by which organic matter is fossilised by the infiltration of water and the deposition of dissolved minerals. The Petrified Forest in Arizona, USA is a famous example. Here many trees have been completely converted to stone ( lithified), but all the features of the wood have been perfectly preserved.

Turned to stone. Petrified characters cannot move or take actions of any kind, and they have effective Strength and Dexterity scores of 0. They are completely unaware of what occurs around them, since all of their senses have ceased to operate. If a petrified character cracks or breaks, but the broken pieces are joined with the body as it returns to flesh, the character is unharmed. Otherwise, the DM must assign some amount of permanent hit point loss and/or debilitation. Petrification may result from supernatural abilities, spells, magic items, or magical effects.

Condition A petrified character has been turned to stone and is considered unconscious. If a petrified character cracks or breaks, but the broken pieces are joined with the body as he returns to flesh, he is unharmed. If the character's petrified body is incomplete when it returns to flesh, the body is likewise incomplete and there is some amount of permanent hit point loss and/or debilitation.