Hebrew, study] A voluminous, comprehensive collection of wide-ranging rabbinic discussions on Jewish law and belief. The Talmud is structured by the classifications of the Mishnah; each section begins with a passage from the Mishnah, followed by the Gemara [Aramaic for Talmud], a commentary consisting of rabbinic teachings, stories, and arguments that diverges freely to other subjects. There are two recensions of the Talmud, differing in material and length: the Babylonian Talmud, the larger and more important work, was compiled circa 500; the Jerusalem, or Palestinian, Talmud was compiled in the early fifth century. [Whenever one finds mention simply of "the Talmud," the Bablyonian text is usually being indicated.] This is the central text of rabbinic Judaism.
a collection of Jewish halachah and aggadah comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara. The Gemara, commentary on the Mishnah, is printed section by section following each verse of the Mishnah. "Gemara" can be used in its narrow sense, the commentary on the Mishnah found in the Talmud, or in its wider sense as a synonym for "Talmud." There are two Talmuds: the Jerusalem (or Palestinian) Talmud was completed about the end of the fourth century A.D.; the Babylonian Talmud, which became authoritative, was completed about a century later.
'Talmud' is the 'instruction.' It consists of the Mishnah (text of the oral teaching of Judaism) and the Gemara (commentary), containing ancient rabbinic discussion and reflection upon the laws of Judaism. It is considered an authoritative guide to spiritual life. There are two forms: the Jerusalem Talmud - only in incomplete form - and the Babylonian Talmud - three times larger than the other and the principal version. Kh The Jewish Bible consisting of the orah (the Law), the evi'im (the Prophets) and the etuvim (the Writings).
Known in Hebrew as the Gemora, this is a collection of debates and discussions of Jewish law, based on the oral tradition recorded in the Mishnah.
The authoritative body of Jewish law and tradition incorporating the Hebrew Mishnah and the Aramaic Gemara and supplementing the scriptural law; developed in the fourth and fifth centuries C.E.
The compendium of Jewish lore and law. We have two Talmuds: (1) the Mishnah plus the Jerusalem Gemara, known as the Jerusalem, or Palestinian, Talmud, and (2) the Mishnah plus the Babylonian Talmud. The second is larger and has a much wider following.
Collection of important Jewish books that serve as a source regarding Jewish law. Books are the Mishnah and the Gemara.
The most important compilation of Jewish oral tradition.
Collection of Jewish writings consisting of the Mishnah and the Gemara. Two versions are considered authoritative: a Palestinian version, and a much longer Babylonian version produced by Diaspora Jews.
"Study", "teaching". An extensive running commentary on the Mishnah. The Palestinian Talmud ("Yerushalmi"), ca. 400 C.E., reflects discussions among scholars who remained there; the Babylonian Talmud ("Bavli"), ca. 500 C.E., those of scholars there. The Talmud is sometimes known as the Gemara, a term also used to refer to the Yerushalmi or Bavli commentaries themselves as distinguished from the Mishnah, the compilation on which the commentaries are made.
(Hebrew, "teaching"), adj. talmudic — Collection of writings constituting Jewish civil and religious law; it consists of two parts, the Mishnah (text) and Gemara (commentary).
Collection of ancient Rabbinic writings constituting the basic religious authority for traditional Judaism. (Fine, John V.A. Jr. The Late Medieval Balkans, 626)
Two bodies of rabbinic commentary on Mishnah, one from Babylon and the other from Palestine. They form part of the Oral Torah.
A commentary on the Mishnah which records the discussion on Jewish law and legend written in Israel and Babylonia between the third and fifth centuries of the Common Era.
The collection of Jewish law and tradition containing fundamental principles; a text and commentary in book form.
The collection of writings constituting the Jewish civil and religious law.
"Study". Classical rabbinic discussions of the Mishnah. Colloquially, the entire collection (Mishnah plus discussions). There are two Talmuds, the Babylonian and the Palestinian, compiled around the fifth and fourth centuries respectively.
A massive compilation of writing that forms the basic body of Jewish laws and traditions.
Collection of written works containing interpretation and application of Law, Torah Babylonian Talmud, Jerusalem Talmud
The basic compendium of Jewish law, thought, and Biblical commentary, comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara. When unspecified refers to the Babylonian Talmud edited in the end of the fifth century C.E.
The most significant collection of the Jewish oral tradition interpreting the Torah.
(Hebrew): The magnum opus of rabbinic literature, composed of the Mishnah and the rabbinic commentary and exegesis of the Mishnah which is called the Gemara. There are two Talmudim, the better known Babylonian and the Palestinian. They were compiled in the three or four centuries following the codification of the Mishnah in 220 C.E., and contain the Rabbis' discussions of the details and implications of the Mishnah.
"teaching" - compendium of discussions of the Mishnah by generations of scholars and jurists in many academies over a period of several centuries. The Jerusalem (or Palestinian) Talmud mainly contains the discussions of the Palestinian sages. The Babylonial talmud incorporates the parallel discussion in the Babylon academies.
The totality of Jewish oral law put into writing by rabbis. The Talmud of Jerusalem (fourth century A.D.) is distinct from the Talmud of Babylon (fifth century A.D.), which is more complete.
Usually, when people say "Talmud," they mean the Babylonian Talmud, an extremely voluminous work, completed in 499 C.E., according to tradition, although some scholars would put that date a century or two later. The Talmud appends to nearly each mishnah of the Mishnah (see entry above) a further discussion of law, legend, textual criticism, and other material. Within about half of a millenium of its completion, the Babylonian Talmud had been accepted by nearly the entire Jewish world as the authoritative basis of Jewish law. That lasted for quite a long time. The grammar of a hyperlink (formerly known as a citation) to the Talmud is: "Talmud" tractatepage numberfolio side: "a" or "b". "Talmud" is also sometimes replaced with "Bavli" which means "Babylonian."
Volumes of Jewish oral law, comprising the mishna and the gemara. Compiled in around 500CE.
A collection, spanning thousands of pages, of interpretations and commentary on the Torah as well as stories about ancient saints and sages that illustrate how one should live out Torah. There are two forms of Talmud, the better known of which is the Babylonian Talmud.
(Hebrew "teaching") The Oral Torah, made up of the Mishnah and the Gemara. See Jewish Texts: Talmud.
compendium of rabbinic literature which constitutes the backbone of Jewish tradition as it is practiced today
the second most important book in the Jewish community. It contains several sources for Jewish law.
A combination of the Mishna and the Gemara.
The rabbinic compendium of lore and legend composed between 200 and 500 CE. Study of the Talmud is the sine qua non of rabbinic scholarship. Although women traditionally were barred from study of the Talmud, today,increasing numbers of women and girls learn Talmud, even at the highest levels.
( tal moùod) Jewish law and lore, as finally compiled in the sixth century CE.
This usually refers to the Babylonian Talmud which was completed about 500 CE. It is a collection of the discussions and decisions of the Rabbis from about 300 to 500 CE. These discussions were an elaboration and clarification of the laws of the Mishnah, which formed the basis of Talmudic debates. The Palestinian Talmud (300-400 CE) is a less influential work as the discussions were cut short by persecutions.
A sacred book which reflects 800 years of intense discussion by the Rabbis about the meaning of the Torah.
The compilation composed of the Mishnah and the Gemara.
Compilation, explanation and derivation of the Torah's laws. Includes stories and other wisdom.
the collection of ancient rabbinic writings on Jewish law and tradition (the Mishna and the Gemara) that constitute the basis of religious authority in Orthodox Judaism
compilation of Jewish oral teachings, assembled in written form in the early centuries of the Christian era
(TAHL-muhd) “Learning,†the word for a vast compendium of literature including the Mishnah, Gemara and successive generations of rabbinic commentary from which halacha and other rabbinic teaching derive. Bavli is the larger collection compiled in Babylonia (approx. 6th c. C.E.); the Yerushalmi is the Palestinian Talmud compiled in the same general era.
The authoritative collection of legal interpretations of Jewish law and customs and commentaries on these interpretations.
In Judaism, the authoritative body of Jewish tradition encompassing the Mishnah and Gemara.
An ancient work of Jewish law.
The Mishnah and Gemara taken together.
The complete treasury of Jewish law interpreting the Torah into livable law
(lit., "study"): comprising the *Mishnah and the *Gemara, its tractates constitute the basic compendium of Jewish law, thought, and Biblical commentary; when unspecified refers to the Talmud Bavli, the edition developed in Babylonia, and edited at end of the fifth cent. C.E.; the Talmud Yerushalmi is the edition compiled in Eretz Yisrael at end of the fourth cent. C.E.
The collection of oral tradition: the Mishneh and Gemara/commentaries.
The Oral Law; writings of the Rabbis that are considered holy by Orthodox Jews
Rabbinic Judaism produced two Talmuds: the one known as "Babylonian" is the most famous in the western world, and was completed around the fifth centuty CE; the other, known as the "Palestinian" or "Jerusalem" Talmud, was edited perhaps in the early fourth century CE. Both have as their common core the Mishnah collection of the tannaim, to which are added commentary and discussion ( gemara) by the amoraim (teachers) of the respective locales. Gemara thus has also become a colloquial, generic term for the Talmud and its study.
Codification of Jewish oral law in its final form. Grew out of Mishnah. Date from 300AD.
The Jewish Oral Law expounding on that which is found in the Torah/Bible.
An authoritative record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories.
sixty-six volumes of commentary on the Torah; composed of the Mishna (Oral Law) and Gemara (commentary on the Mishna). Legally binding parts of the Talmud are called the Halacha, other portions the Haggadah.
One of the Books of the Torah
Compilation of the Oral Law (mishna) and the original rabbinic ruling on it (Gamara).
Vast record of the discussion and administration of Jewish law by scholars in various academies from c.200 to c.500. Comprises the Mishnah (law) together with gemara (commentary and supplement to the Mishnah text), as well as legendary and other material.
(Hebrew) An extensive commentary on the first collection of Jewish Law known as Mishnah. There are two editions, the Babylonian and the Jerusalem.
Literally, teaching. Compendium of discussions on the Mishnah (the earliest codification of Jewish religious law, largely complete by 200 A.D.), by generations of scholars and jurists in many academies over a period of several centuries. The Jerusalem (or Palestinian) Talmud mainly contains the discussion of the Palestinian sages. The Babylonian Talmud incorporates the parallel discussions in the Babylonian academies.
From the Hebrew "to learn, study," the compilation of Mishnah, Gemara, and further rabbinic discussion of halakah and haggadah. There are two Talmuds, one compiled in Palestine during the 300s C.E. (the Palestinian or Jerusalem Talmud, in Hebrew Talmud Yerushalmi), and a more comprehensive work compiled in the Babylonian academies from 400–600 C.E. (the Babylonian Talmud, in Hebrew Talmud Bavli).
a later religious work composed during the period between A.D. 70 and A.D. 636 that records civil and ceremonial law and Jewish legend. (p. 40)
Discussions of the Amoraic rabbis in the third to fifth centuries explaining the Oral Law.
Either of two collections of Jewish legal precedents and glosses on the earlier Mishna. The Babylonian Talmud was written in Aramaic, while the less accepted Jerusalem Talmud was written in Hebrew. Both were written in the second to fifth centuries AD.
A body of Jewish literature composed of two parts: The Mishna, which is a rabbinic commentary on the Torah, and the Gemara, a more lengthy commentary.
The basic compendium of Jewish law, thought, and Biblical commentary, comprising Mishnah and Gemara; when unspecified refers to the Talmud Bavli, the edition developed in Babylonia, and edited at end of the fifth century C.E.; the Talmud Yerushalmi is the edition compiled in Eretz Yisrael at end of the fourth century C.E.
A compilation of 63 tractates recording the intellectual, social, national and religious activities pursued by Jews during the approximately 1000 years of its formation. It covers commentary by many sages on the Torah using their God-given faculties of reasoning and judgment to interpret the meanings and implications of Scripture. It is a fine example of logic and deduction to bring the written word to the every day life of the people in a meaningful way. The Talmud is known as the Oral Law (Aggadah) because it came through oral discussion and argumentation. The Tanach is the written law (Ketuvim). Together they form the basis of the Halacha. The Talmud was written down in the 2nd C. of the Common Era (CE)by Rabbi Judah the Prince as the Mission from memories of many Rabbis. It included Rabbinical enactments which became law. Further updating and extension was added over the next few hundred years and this was called Gemara. Together they embody religious truths, moral lessons, laws, history and inspiration regarding Torah and the eternal questions. (From the 'World of Talmud' by Morris Adler, Schocken Books)
massive rabbinic commentaries on the Mishnah, produced from c. 200 to 600 CE. One was produced in Palestine and one in Babylon, the latter becoming the primary source of authority. Both Mishnah and Talmud affirm the fundamental authority of rabbinic consensus, and tend not to acknowledge the authority of any subsequent "miracles" or divine revelation.
The Talmud (Hebrew: תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history. The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (c. 200 CE), the first written compendium of Judaism's Oral Law; and the Gemara (c. 500 CE), a discussion of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Tanakh. The terms Talmud and Gemara are often used interchangeably.