Caligula is a 1979 film directed by Tinto Brass, with additional scenes filmed by Bob Guccione and Giancarlo Lui, about the Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar Germanicus also known as "Caligula". Caligula was written by Gore Vidal and co-financed by Penthouse magazine, though the script underwent several re-writes after Tinto Brass and Malcolm Mc Dowell found Gore Vidal's interpretation of the infamous Emperor to be unsatisfactory. The producers were Bob Guccione and Franco Rossellini.

Caligula (performed 1945, written 1938) is a play by Albert Camus. Its plot revolves around the historical figure of Caligula, a Roman Emperor famed for his cruelty and seemingly insane behavior. In Camus' version, Caligula deliberately manipulates his own assassination.

Caligula, subtitled "An Ancient Glam Epic", is a new stage musical which tells the story of the notorious Roman Emperor Caligula in the style of 1970s glam rock.